Poland External Debt: % of GDP
Key information about Poland External Debt: % of GDP
- Poland External Debt accounted for 51.8 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 49.8 % in the previous year.
- Poland External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2024.
- The data reached an all-time high of 95.2 % in Sep 2015 and a record low of -33.0 % in Mar 2011.
CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. Narodowy Bank Polski provides External Debt in local currency based on BPM6. Statistics Poland provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on ESA 2010. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2004 is calculated from External Debt based on BPM5 and Nominal GDP based on ESA 1995. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 1995 is calculated from External Debt sourced from the World Bank and Nominal GDP sourced from the International Monetary Fund.
Related information about Poland External Debt: % of GDP
- In the latest reports of Poland, Current Account recorded a deficit of 847.0 USD mn in Sep 2025.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 2.5 USD bn in Sep 2025.
- Poland Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 1.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.
- Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 5.7 USD bn in Sep 2025.
- The country's External Debt reached 532,035.0 in Jun 2025.
- The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 266.1 USD bn in Sep 2025.
View Poland's External Debt: % of GDP from 1995 to 2024 in the chart:
What was Poland's External Debt: % of GDP in 2024?
Poland External Debt accounted for 51.8 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 49.8 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51.8 2024 | 49.8 2023 | -33.0 2011 | 95.2 2015 | % | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
External Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (%) | 40.5 2024 | yearly | 1991 - 2024 |
| Algeria (%) | 1.1 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Argentina (%) | 43.5 2024 | yearly | 1994 - 2024 |
| Armenia (%) | 62.9 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Australia (%) | 112.8 2024 | yearly | 1988 - 2024 |
| Austria (%) | 154.5 2024 | yearly | 1997 - 2024 |
| Azerbaijan (%) | 14.9 Dec 2021 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2021 |
| Bangladesh (%) | 11.4 2017 | yearly | 1997 - 2017 |
| Belarus (%) | 42.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Belgium (%) | 242.6 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Bolivia (%) | 33.0 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 17.0 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Botswana (%) | 7.8 2025 | yearly | 1995 - 2025 |
| Brazil (%) | 27.6 2024 | yearly | 1992 - 2024 |
| Bulgaria (%) | 47.6 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Cambodia (%) | 45.4 2024 | yearly | 2010 - 2024 |
| Canada (%) | 146.4 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Chile (%) | 74.2 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| China (%) | 12.9 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Colombia (%) | 51.3 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Croatia (%) | 74.3 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Cyprus (%) | 674.2 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Czech Republic (%) | 65.4 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Denmark (%) | 142.2 2024 | yearly | 2005 - 2024 |
| Ecuador (%) | 48.7 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Egypt (%) | 44.2 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Jun 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| Estonia (%) | 97.8 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| European Union (%) | 109.7 2024 | yearly | 2008 - 2024 |
| Finland (%) | 203.6 2024 | yearly | 1991 - 2024 |
| France (%) | 250.2 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Georgia (%) | 73.5 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Germany (%) | 147.6 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Ghana (%) | 34.4 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Greece (%) | 243.3 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 462.1 2024 | yearly | 2001 - 2024 |
| Hungary (%) | 142.9 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Iceland (%) | 71.9 2024 | yearly | 1989 - 2024 |
| India (%) | 19.1 2025 | yearly | 1970 - 2025 |
| Indonesia (%) | 30.4 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Iran (%) | 0.8 2025 | yearly | 1994 - 2025 |
| Ireland (%) | 544.0 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Israel (%) | 27.2 2024 | yearly | 1998 - 2024 |
| Italy (%) | 120.8 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Ivory Coast (%) | 34.4 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
| Japan (%) | 108.0 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Jordan (%) | 80.3 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Kazakhstan (%) | 58.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2025 |
| Kenya (%) | 31.2 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| South Korea (%) | 35.9 2024 | yearly | 1994 - 2024 |
| Kosovo (%) | 40.7 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Kuwait (%) | 41.5 2024 | yearly | 2014 - 2024 |
| Kyrgyzstan (%) | 68.2 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Laos (%) | 68.7 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Latvia (%) | 104.4 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Lebanon (%) | 17.4 2023 | yearly | 2007 - 2023 |
| Lithuania (%) | 77.4 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Luxembourg (%) | 4,148.6 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| North Macedonia (%) | 78.0 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Malawi (%) | 60.1 2021 | yearly | 2006 - 2021 |
| Malaysia (%) | 69.9 2024 | yearly | 2009 - 2024 |
| Malta (%) | 836.7 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Mauritius (%) | 1,221.8 2024 | yearly | 2009 - 2024 |
| Mexico (%) | 32.2 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Moldova (%) | 56.7 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Mongolia (%) | 157.9 2024 | yearly | 1992 - 2024 |
| Montenegro (%) | 105.7 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Morocco (%) | 50.8 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
| Mozambique (%) | 49.2 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
| Myanmar (%) | 18.9 2023 | yearly | 2018 - 2023 |
| Nepal (%) | 17.3 2016 | yearly | 2001 - 2016 |
| Netherlands (%) | 349.4 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| New Zealand (%) | 94.7 2024 | yearly | 1993 - 2024 |
| Nigeria (%) | 18.6 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Norway (%) | 155.3 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Pakistan (%) | 33.1 2025 | yearly | 2000 - 2025 |
| Palestinian Territory (%) | 13.1 2024 | yearly | 2012 - 2024 |
| Panama (%) | 169.8 2021 | yearly | 2014 - 2021 |
| Paraguay (%) | 58.4 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Peru (%) | 36.7 2024 | yearly | 1980 - 2024 |
| Philippines (%) | 29.8 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Poland (%) | 51.8 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Portugal (%) | 144.8 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Qatar (%) | 106.1 2018 | yearly | 2000 - 2018 |
| Romania (%) | 57.5 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Russia (%) | 13.3 2024 | yearly | 1993 - 2024 |
| Serbia (%) | 60.5 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Singapore (%) | 407.1 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Slovakia (%) | 100.9 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Slovenia (%) | 87.9 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| South Africa (%) | 42.0 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Spain (%) | 162.7 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Sri Lanka (%) | 75.0 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Sudan (%) | 202.2 2021 | yearly | 2001 - 2021 |
| Sweden (%) | 168.1 2024 | yearly | 1997 - 2024 |
| Switzerland (%) | 235.3 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Taiwan, China (%) | 27.4 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Tajikistan (%) | 37.7 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
| Thailand (%) | 34.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Sep 2025 |
| Tunisia (%) | 83.8 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Turkey (%) | 38.2 2024 | yearly | 1989 - 2024 |
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Learn more about what we doPoland Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -6.5 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -59,417.037 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 14,013.630 Nov 2025 | monthly | Nov 2006 - Nov 2025 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 14.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2025 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 611,821.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 58.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (PLN bn) | 2,465.364 2030 | yearly | 1995 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (PLN bn) | 3,880.914 2030 | yearly | 1995 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (PLN bn) | 2,208.802 2030 | yearly | 1995 - 2030 |
| Public Debt: Consolidated: Place of Issue: Domestic (PLN mn) | 1,416,688.939 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Sep 2025 |
| Public Debt: Consolidated: Place of Issue: Foreign (PLN mn) | 405,685.767 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Sep 2025 |
| Public Debt (PLN mn) | 1,989,593.866 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Sep 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Revenue: ytd: Tax: Indirect: Excise Duty (PLN th) | 83,425,184.099 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Revenue: ytd: Tax: Indirect: Value Added Tax (PLN th) | 297,900,205.652 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Expenditure: ytd: Current Expenditure (CE) (PLN th) | 134,908,640.449 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Revenue: ytd: Tax: Direct: Personal (PLN th) | -36,688,478.880 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Deficit or Surplus: ytd (PLN th) | -244,930,424.000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Revenue: ytd: Tax: Direct: Corporate (PLN th) | 58,053,305.411 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Revenue: ytd (PLN th) | 526,095,406.418 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Expenditure: ytd: Capital Expenditure (CA) (PLN th) | 49,835,626.892 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Nov 2025 |
| Central Government Budget: Expenditure: ytd (PLN th) | 771,025,830.895 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 4.000 2028 | yearly | 1996 - 2028 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | 119.4 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 36,060.1 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | -1.8 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Nov 2025 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 2,117,046.631 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 3,767,096.725 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 3,282,008.836 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 35,940.7 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | -3.3 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 8,541,799.485 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 6,023,957.256 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 1,101.236 Sep 2025 | monthly | Apr 1961 - Sep 2025 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 1,683.544 Nov 2025 | monthly | Aug 2011 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 326.071 Sep 2025 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Sep 2025 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 5,726.885 Nov 2025 | monthly | Mar 2004 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports (PLN mn) | 131,947.650 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports (PLN mn) | 131,510.673 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: Great Britain (PLN mn) | 73,475.763 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: France (PLN mn) | 86,534.845 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: Russia (PLN mn) | 5,073.335 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: Czech Republic (PLN mn) | 88,610.777 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: Germany (PLN mn) | 386,303.645 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: China (PLN mn) | 224,255.581 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Trade Balance: ytd (PLN mn) | -23,211.901 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: Italy (PLN mn) | 67,097.545 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: Germany (PLN mn) | 277,193.663 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: Russia (PLN mn) | 8,503.613 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: SITC: Machinery and Transport Equipment (PLN mn) | 515,042.711 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: SITC: Food and Live Animals (PLN mn) | 187,851.975 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: SITC: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and Related Materials (PLN mn) | 92,227.895 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: SITC: Chemicals and Related Products (PLN mn) | 197,223.079 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: SITC: Manufactured Goods (PLN mn) | 209,627.644 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: SITC: Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (PLN mn) | 252,164.985 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: ytd: SITC: Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (PLN mn) | 228,282.570 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: SITC: Machinery and Transport Equipment (PLN mn) | 528,895.977 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: SITC: Chemicals and Related Products (PLN mn) | 133,611.936 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: ytd: SITC: Manufactured Goods (PLN mn) | 230,912.623 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 4.7 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Nov 2025 |
| Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 22.4 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2003 - Jun 2025 |
| Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) | 16,396.313 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Nov 2025 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 574,718.880 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 756,779.315 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 10.4 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1997 - Dec 2025 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 3.5 Dec 2017 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2017 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 187,248.5 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 19.371 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 5.2 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 76,513.600 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1983 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 705,830.219 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 9.3 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1997 - Dec 2025 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 613,914.2 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 10.9 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1997 - Dec 2025 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 6.500 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| Credit to Households (USD bn) | 232.036 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Jun 2025 |
| Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 592.528 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Jun 2025 |
| Household Debt (USD mn) | 237,346.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2003 - Sep 2025 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 481,929.877 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 6.85 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1997 - Nov 2025 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 33.01 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2009 - Sep 2025 |
| Money Supply: M3: M2: M1 (PLN mn) | 2,069,907.520 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Money Supply: M3: M2 (PLN mn) | 2,725,616.382 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Money Supply: M3 (PLN mn) | 2,737,686.901 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Money Supply: M0 (PLN mn) | 613,267.100 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Official Reserve Assets: USD (USD mn) | 271,117.400 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2025 |
| Official Reserve Assets: USD: Foreign Exchange (USD mn) | 187,248.500 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2025 |
| Official Reserve Assets: USD: Monetary Gold (USD mn) | 5,300.500 Dec 2018 | monthly | Jan 1998 - Dec 2018 |
| Banking Sector Claims: from Non Financial Sector (NF): Non Performing (PLN) | 60,049,857,821.300 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 2009 - Nov 2025 |
| MFIs Claims: Other Domestic Residents (OD): Non Financial Sector (NF): Non Finan... (PLN mn) | 425,783.742 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| MFIs Claims: OD: NF: Households: Other MFIs: Loans: Real Property Purchase: ow H... (PLN mn) | 513,207.679 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| MFIs Claims: OD: NF: Households: Other MFIs: Loans (PLN mn) | 828,711.838 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| MFIs Liabilities: OD: NF: Households and NPISHs (HN): Households (HH) (PLN mn) | 1,456,929.261 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| MFIs Liabilities: OD: NF: Non Financial Corporations (NC) (PLN mn) | 600,086.562 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | 3.8 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jul 2006 - Nov 2025 |
More Indicators for Poland
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