Turkey External Debt: % of GDP
1989 - 2024 | Yearly | % | CEIC Data
Key information about Turkey External Debt: % of GDP
- Turkey External Debt accounted for 38.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 43.6 % in the previous year.
- Turkey External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1989 to Dec 2024.
- The data reached an all-time high of 58.0 % in Dec 2020 and a record low of 26.1 % in Dec 1990.
CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Treasury and Finance provides External Debt in USD. Turkish Statistical Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 1998 is sourced directly from Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Treasury and Finance.
Related information about Turkey External Debt: % of GDP
- In the latest reports of Turkey, Current Account recorded a surplus of 457.0 USD mn in Oct 2025.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 128.0 USD mn in Oct 2025.
- Turkey Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 966.0 USD mn in Oct 2025.
- Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 11.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
- The country's External Debt reached 564,897.1 in Sep 2025.
- The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 427.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.
View Turkey's External Debt: % of GDP from 1989 to 2024 in the chart:
What was Turkey's External Debt: % of GDP in 2024?
Turkey External Debt accounted for 38.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 43.6 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38.2 2024 | 43.6 2023 | 26.1 1990 | 58.0 2020 | % | yearly | 1989 - 2024 |
External Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (%) | 40.5 2024 | yearly | 1991 - 2024 |
| Algeria (%) | 1.1 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Argentina (%) | 43.5 2024 | yearly | 1994 - 2024 |
| Armenia (%) | 62.9 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Australia (%) | 112.8 2024 | yearly | 1988 - 2024 |
| Austria (%) | 154.5 2024 | yearly | 1997 - 2024 |
| Azerbaijan (%) | 14.9 Dec 2021 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2021 |
| Bangladesh (%) | 11.4 2017 | yearly | 1997 - 2017 |
| Belarus (%) | 42.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Belgium (%) | 242.6 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Bolivia (%) | 33.0 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 17.0 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Botswana (%) | 7.8 2025 | yearly | 1995 - 2025 |
| Brazil (%) | 27.6 2024 | yearly | 1992 - 2024 |
| Bulgaria (%) | 47.6 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Cambodia (%) | 45.4 2024 | yearly | 2010 - 2024 |
| Canada (%) | 146.4 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Chile (%) | 74.2 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| China (%) | 12.9 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Colombia (%) | 51.3 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Croatia (%) | 74.3 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Cyprus (%) | 674.2 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Czech Republic (%) | 65.4 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Denmark (%) | 142.2 2024 | yearly | 2005 - 2024 |
| Ecuador (%) | 48.7 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Egypt (%) | 44.2 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Jun 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| Estonia (%) | 97.8 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| European Union (%) | 109.7 2024 | yearly | 2008 - 2024 |
| Finland (%) | 203.6 2024 | yearly | 1991 - 2024 |
| France (%) | 250.2 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Georgia (%) | 73.5 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Germany (%) | 147.6 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Ghana (%) | 34.4 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Greece (%) | 243.3 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 462.1 2024 | yearly | 2001 - 2024 |
| Hungary (%) | 142.9 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Iceland (%) | 71.9 2024 | yearly | 1989 - 2024 |
| India (%) | 19.1 2025 | yearly | 1970 - 2025 |
| Indonesia (%) | 30.4 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Iran (%) | 0.8 2025 | yearly | 1994 - 2025 |
| Ireland (%) | 544.0 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Israel (%) | 27.2 2024 | yearly | 1998 - 2024 |
| Italy (%) | 120.8 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Ivory Coast (%) | 34.4 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
| Japan (%) | 108.0 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Jordan (%) | 80.3 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Kazakhstan (%) | 58.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2025 |
| Kenya (%) | 31.2 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| South Korea (%) | 35.9 2024 | yearly | 1994 - 2024 |
| Kosovo (%) | 40.7 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Kuwait (%) | 41.5 2024 | yearly | 2014 - 2024 |
| Kyrgyzstan (%) | 68.2 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Laos (%) | 68.7 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Latvia (%) | 104.4 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Lebanon (%) | 17.4 2023 | yearly | 2007 - 2023 |
| Lithuania (%) | 77.4 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Luxembourg (%) | 4,148.6 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| North Macedonia (%) | 78.0 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Malawi (%) | 60.1 2021 | yearly | 2006 - 2021 |
| Malaysia (%) | 69.9 2024 | yearly | 2009 - 2024 |
| Malta (%) | 836.7 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Mauritius (%) | 1,221.8 2024 | yearly | 2009 - 2024 |
| Mexico (%) | 32.2 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Moldova (%) | 56.7 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Mongolia (%) | 157.9 2024 | yearly | 1992 - 2024 |
| Montenegro (%) | 105.7 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Morocco (%) | 50.8 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
| Mozambique (%) | 49.2 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
| Myanmar (%) | 18.9 2023 | yearly | 2018 - 2023 |
| Nepal (%) | 17.3 2016 | yearly | 2001 - 2016 |
| Netherlands (%) | 349.4 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| New Zealand (%) | 94.7 2024 | yearly | 1993 - 2024 |
| Nigeria (%) | 18.6 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Norway (%) | 155.3 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Pakistan (%) | 33.1 2025 | yearly | 2000 - 2025 |
| Palestinian Territory (%) | 13.1 2024 | yearly | 2012 - 2024 |
| Panama (%) | 169.8 2021 | yearly | 2014 - 2021 |
| Paraguay (%) | 58.4 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Peru (%) | 36.7 2024 | yearly | 1980 - 2024 |
| Philippines (%) | 29.8 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Poland (%) | 51.8 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Portugal (%) | 144.8 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Qatar (%) | 106.1 2018 | yearly | 2000 - 2018 |
| Romania (%) | 57.5 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Russia (%) | 13.3 2024 | yearly | 1993 - 2024 |
| Serbia (%) | 60.5 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Singapore (%) | 407.1 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Slovakia (%) | 100.9 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Slovenia (%) | 87.9 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| South Africa (%) | 42.0 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Spain (%) | 162.7 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Sri Lanka (%) | 75.0 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Sudan (%) | 202.2 2021 | yearly | 2001 - 2021 |
| Sweden (%) | 168.1 2024 | yearly | 1997 - 2024 |
| Switzerland (%) | 235.3 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Taiwan, China (%) | 27.4 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Tajikistan (%) | 37.7 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
| Thailand (%) | 34.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Sep 2025 |
| Tunisia (%) | 83.8 2024 | yearly | 2002 - 2024 |
| Turkey (%) | 38.2 2024 | yearly | 1989 - 2024 |
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Learn more about what we doTurkey Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -4.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -14,059.848 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 24,574.286 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 17.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 298,427.1 2024 | yearly | 2001 - 2024 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 24.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Sep 2025 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (TRY bn) | 54,988.117 2030 | yearly | 2000 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (TRY bn) | 43,869.538 2030 | yearly | 2000 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (TRY bn) | 49,153.935 2030 | yearly | 2000 - 2030 |
| General Budget: ytd: Revenue: Tax (TRY th) | 11,049,467,397.527 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: ytd: Expenditure (EX) (TRY th) | 14,469,666,424.314 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: ytd: Revenue: Tax: Direct (TRY th) | 4,154,314,397.161 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: ytd: EX: Primary: Current Transfers (CT) (TRY th) | 6,034,006,168.360 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: ytd: Revenue (TRY th) | 12,538,377,799.919 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: ytd: EX: Primary: Capital Expenditure (TRY th) | 770,454,484.583 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: Revenue (TRY mn) | 1,401,996.980 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: Cash Balance (TRY mn) | -333,149.640 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: Expenditure (TRY mn) | 1,735,573.780 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| General Budget: ytd: Balance (TRY th) | -148,404,035.193 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Jan 2025 |
| Central Government Debt: External (TRY mn) | 538,505.357 Mar 2019 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Mar 2019 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 7.230 2028 | yearly | 1980 - 2028 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | -9,122.7 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2013 - Oct 2025 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 14,265.9 Dec 2019 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Dec 2019 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 2.2 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2014 - Oct 2025 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 3,851,910.706 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 1,409,898.365 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 907,071.763 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 17,684.5 Dec 2019 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Dec 2019 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 6.6 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2014 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 2,648,171.753 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 3,230,287.747 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 1,564.143 Dec 2025 | monthly | Apr 1964 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 2,021.038 Dec 2025 | monthly | Apr 1964 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 338.156 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2013 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 4,649.231 Dec 2025 | monthly | Sep 1992 - Dec 2025 |
| Trade Balance: USD (USD mn) | -2,136.727 Mar 2019 | monthly | Jan 1969 - Mar 2019 |
| Natural Gas: Annual: Production (Cub m mn) | 851.970 2023 | yearly | 1976 - 2023 |
| Export Value Index (2015=100) | 149.169 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Import Value Index (2015=100) | 127.060 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 2.5 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Dec 2025 |
| Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 10.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2014 - Sep 2025 |
| Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) | 13,808.273 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 233,988.129 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1963 - Dec 2025 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 576,653.572 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1976 - Dec 2025 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 40.6 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1977 - Dec 2025 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 8.0 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Jan 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 63,915.0 Dec 2025 | monthly | Apr 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 4.879 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 1.8 Dec 2025 | monthly | Apr 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 97,765.000 Sep 2025 | monthly | Dec 1956 - Sep 2025 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 634,559.874 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 44.0 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2003 - Dec 2025 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 645,624.0 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Dec 2025 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 33.6 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Dec 2025 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 31.400 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Jun 2025 |
| Credit to Households (USD bn) | 127.748 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1986 - Jun 2025 |
| Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 646.711 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1986 - Jun 2025 |
| Household Debt (USD mn) | 129,846.8 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 440,332.033 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 42.99 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Dec 2025 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 28.20 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Sep 2025 |
| Money Supply: M3 (TRY th) | 27,119,545,405.000 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| Consumer Loans: BS: Non Performing (TRY mn) | 116,866.660 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Consumer Loans: BS: Loan: Housing (TRY mn) | 678,970.490 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Consumer Loans: Banking Sector (BS): Loan (TRY mn) | 2,939,960.365 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Asset Quality: Banking Sector: NPL to Total Loan (%) | 2.474 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Dec 2025 |
| Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | 0.4 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Jan 2026 |
| Composite Leading Indicator Index: Trend Restored (NA) | 408.160 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1987 - Dec 2025 |
| Real Sector Confidence Index: CANE 2: Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 103.000 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Jan 2026 |
| Construction Confidence Index (CCI): Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 85.714 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Jan 2026 |
| Services Sector Confidence Index (SCI): Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 113.775 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Jan 2026 |
| Retail Trade Confidence Index (RCI): Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 112.628 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Jan 2026 |
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