Spain Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities
1975 - 2024 | Quarterly | USD mn | CEIC Data
Key information about Spain Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities
- Spain Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities increased by 38.572 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with an increase of 4.292 USD bn in the previous quarter.
- Spain Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1975 to Sep 2024.
- The data reached an all-time high of 80.826 USD bn in Mar 2006 and a record low of -71.729 USD bn in Jun 2012.
The International Monetary Fund provides quarterly Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities in USD.
View Spain's Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities from Mar 1975 to Sep 2024 in the chart:
What was Spain's Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities in Sep 2024?
Spain Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities increased by 38.572 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with an increase of 4.292 USD bn in the previous quarter. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38,571.696 Sep 2024 | 4,291.796 Jun 2024 | -71,728.820 Jun 2012 | 80,825.923 Mar 2006 | USD mn | quarterly | Mar 1975 - Sep 2024 |
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (USD mn) | -21.407 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
| Argentina (USD mn) | -2,687.685 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| Armenia (USD mn) | 6.368 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
| Australia (USD mn) | 32,154.719 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1988 - Dec 2024 |
| Austria (USD mn) | 11,745.351 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Azerbaijan (USD mn) | -57.892 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Bangladesh (USD mn) | -20.036 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1997 - Sep 2024 |
| Belarus (USD mn) | -2.700 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Sep 2024 |
| Belgium (USD mn) | 19,855.889 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
| Bolivia (USD mn) | 0.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Sep 2024 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (USD mn) | 0.124 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
| Botswana (USD mn) | 0.000 2023 | yearly | 1975 - 2023 |
| Brazil (USD mn) | 6,020.619 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2024 |
| Bulgaria (USD mn) | 3,389.204 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Sep 2024 |
| Canada (USD mn) | 34,376.683 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1950 - Dec 2024 |
| Chile (USD mn) | 366.179 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2024 |
| China (USD mn) | 15,860.253 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Sep 2024 |
| Colombia (USD mn) | 1,696.937 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
| Croatia (USD mn) | -258.645 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Dec 2022 |
| Cyprus (USD mn) | -255.417 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2001 - Sep 2024 |
| Czech Republic (USD mn) | 4,785.050 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
| Denmark (USD mn) | 9,659.746 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1975 - Jun 2024 |
| Ecuador (USD mn) | -24.443 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Egypt (USD mn) | 53.168 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Jun 2024 |
| Estonia (USD mn) | 347.574 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Dec 2024 |
| European Union (USD mn) | 132,807.557 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Finland (USD mn) | -3,464.312 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
| France (USD mn) | 14,049.707 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1997 - Dec 2024 |
| Georgia (USD mn) | 356.988 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Germany (USD mn) | 43,784.072 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Dec 2024 |
| Ghana (USD mn) | 13.739 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Mar 2024 |
| Greece (USD mn) | 1,749.664 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1976 - Sep 2024 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (USD mn) | 6,498.865 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Hungary (USD mn) | 1,103.035 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Sep 2024 |
| Iceland (USD mn) | 72.330 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2024 |
| India (USD mn) | 9,132.301 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2009 - Sep 2024 |
| Indonesia (USD mn) | 84.770 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Ireland (USD mn) | 18,962.726 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Dec 2024 |
| Israel (USD mn) | -2,140.900 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1972 - Dec 2024 |
| Italy (USD mn) | 34,076.064 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1997 - Sep 2024 |
| Ivory Coast (USD mn) | 321.012 2022 | yearly | 2005 - 2022 |
| Japan (USD mn) | -6,750.062 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
| Jordan (USD mn) | 90.268 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Kazakhstan (USD mn) | -39.592 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1997 - Sep 2024 |
| Kenya (USD mn) | -0.807 2023 | yearly | 2009 - 2023 |
| South Korea (USD mn) | 5,024.600 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1980 - Dec 2024 |
| Kuwait (USD mn) | -298.682 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2024 |
| Kyrgyzstan (USD mn) | -16.354 Jun 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Jun 2023 |
| Laos (USD mn) | -132.717 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Latvia (USD mn) | 98.607 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2024 |
| Lebanon (USD mn) | 125.710 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2023 |
| Lithuania (USD mn) | 1,694.647 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Luxembourg (USD mn) | 9,683.611 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
| Macau SAR, China (USD mn) | -7,841.624 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
| North Macedonia (USD mn) | -70.708 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Sep 2024 |
| Malawi (USD mn) | 2.597 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Malaysia (USD mn) | 4,399.936 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
| Malta (USD mn) | -14.784 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Mauritius (USD mn) | 322.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
| Mexico (USD mn) | 914.758 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2024 |
| Moldova (USD mn) | 0.070 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Mongolia (USD mn) | 884.839 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Dec 2024 |
| Montenegro (USD mn) | 17.205 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2024 |
| Morocco (USD mn) | -156.311 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Sep 2024 |
| Mozambique (USD mn) | 7.066 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2024 |
| Netherlands (USD mn) | 33,022.854 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1967 - Sep 2024 |
| New Zealand (USD mn) | 5,769.990 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Jun 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Nigeria (USD mn) | 4,726.039 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2008 - Jun 2024 |
| Norway (USD mn) | 9,727.822 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2024 |
| Oman (USD mn) | -3,188.557 2023 | yearly | 1974 - 2023 |
| Pakistan (USD mn) | -15.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Sep 2002 - Dec 2024 |
| Palestinian Territory (USD mn) | 0.000 Mar 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2013 - Mar 2024 |
| Panama (USD mn) | -361.598 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2013 - Sep 2024 |
| Paraguay (USD mn) | 0.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Peru (USD mn) | 1,486.615 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Dec 2024 |
| Philippines (USD mn) | 3,699.289 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Sep 2024 |
| Poland (USD mn) | 8,187.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Portugal (USD mn) | -957.757 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1975 - Sep 2024 |
| Qatar (USD mn) | 762.363 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Sep 2024 |
| Romania (USD mn) | -1,487.285 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2024 |
| Russia (USD mn) | -501.870 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Dec 2023 |
| Serbia (USD mn) | 421.394 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Dec 2024 |
| Slovakia (USD mn) | 966.105 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| Slovenia (USD mn) | 387.033 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Dec 2024 |
| South Africa (USD mn) | 2,307.615 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1985 - Sep 2024 |
| Spain (USD mn) | 38,571.696 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1975 - Sep 2024 |
| Sri Lanka (USD mn) | 119.064 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2024 |
| Sudan (USD mn) | 0.000 Dec 2022 | quarterly | Jun 2010 - Dec 2022 |
| Sweden (USD mn) | -11,944.402 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1982 - Dec 2024 |
| Switzerland (USD mn) | -1,631.328 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1985 - Sep 2024 |
| Taiwan (USD mn) | 521.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Tajikistan (USD mn) | 0.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2024 |
| Thailand (USD mn) | 1,450.320 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1976 - Sep 2024 |
| Tunisia (USD mn) | -667.990 2023 | yearly | 1976 - 2023 |
| Turkey (USD mn) | 4,939.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Dec 2024 |
| Ukraine (USD mn) | 117.000 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Dec 2024 |
| United Kingdom (USD mn) | 13,409.011 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Sep 1980 - Sep 2024 |
| United States (USD mn) | 407,587.000 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1973 - Sep 2024 |
| Uruguay (USD mn) | 399.250 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2024 |
| Uzbekistan (USD mn) | 835.007 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Sep 2024 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doSpain Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -3.2 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | 10,239.818 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 383,092.403 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 23.6 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 1,823,451.4 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1990 - Sep 2024 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 104.3 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (EUR bn) | 851.685 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (EUR bn) | 1,897.512 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (EUR bn) | 796.889 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| State Government Revenue: ytd (EUR mn) | 260,374.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
| State Government Expenditure: ytd (EUR mn) | 297,408.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
| State Government Budget Balance: ytd (EUR mn) | -37,034.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
| State Government Revenue: ytd: Current: Taxes on Production: Products Tax: VAT (EUR mn) | 83,975.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
| State Government Expenditure: ytd: Current (EUR mn) | 277,259.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
| State Government Expenditure: ytd: Capital (EUR mn) | 20,149.000 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Nov 2024 |
| General Govt Debt: Securities excl Shares: Long Term (EUR mn) | 1,390,467.350 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| General Govt Debt: Securities excl Shares: Short Term (EUR mn) | 74,031.097 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| Public Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 104.300 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2024 |
| General Govt Debt: Loans: Long Term (EUR mn) | 161,254.705 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| General Govt Debt: Loans: Short Term (EUR mn) | 5,009.007 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| General Govt Debt (EUR mn) | 1,636,116.077 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1994 - Sep 2024 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 3.265 2029 | yearly | 1980 - 2029 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | -4,081.6 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Dec 2024 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 33,201.7 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Dec 2024 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 3.0 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1976 - Dec 2024 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 3,529,739.054 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 13,921,409.664 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 8,730,004.510 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 37,729.4 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1974 - Nov 2024 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 1.3 Nov 2024 | monthly | Dec 1975 - Nov 2024 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 15,272,094.724 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 8,065,034.591 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 1,534.199 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 2,588.938 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 746.772 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1970 - Nov 2024 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 4,294.706 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1970 - Nov 2024 |
| Exports (EUR th) | 29,738,374.000 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1962 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Intermediate Goods: Industrial Products: Materials for Transportation P... (EUR th) | 1,741,198.381 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Consumer Goods: Food, Beverages and Tobacco (EUR th) | 5,000,488.647 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Consumer Goods: Others: Durable: Automobiles (EUR th) | 2,730,131.969 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Intermediate Goods: Industrial Products: Minerals (EUR th) | 2,430,715.641 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Intermediate Goods: Industrial Products: Chemicals (EUR th) | 3,797,953.591 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Europe: Italy (EUR th) | 2,376,846.221 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Europe: Germany (EUR th) | 2,847,677.592 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Dec 2024 |
| Exports: Europe: France (EUR th) | 4,056,277.191 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports (EUR th) | 33,859,828.630 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1962 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports: Intermediate Goods: Industrial Products: Electrical Material and Access... (EUR th) | 2,096,464.816 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports: Intermediate Goods: Industrial Products: Materials for Transportation P... (EUR th) | 1,562,873.171 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports: Intermediate Goods: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (EUR th) | 836,436.848 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports: Intermediate Goods: Industrial Products: Chemicals (EUR th) | 3,966,834.740 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports: Intermediate Goods: Energy Products (EUR th) | 4,554,691.699 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Dec 2024 |
| Imports: Asia: China (EUR th) | 4,043,598.684 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1970 - Nov 2024 |
| Imports: Europe: Italy (EUR th) | 2,696,285.025 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
| Imports: Europe: Germany (EUR th) | 4,104,257.993 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
| Imports: Europe: France (EUR th) | 3,437,362.665 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1960 - Nov 2024 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 3.3 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1962 - Dec 2024 |
| Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 48.9 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1989 - Jun 2024 |
| Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) | 40,739.747 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1962 - Dec 2024 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 1,348,148.882 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1962 - Jan 2025 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 1,629,778.803 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1962 - Jan 2025 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 5.2 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1963 - Jan 2025 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 1.0 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Feb 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 62,234.8 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Feb 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 3.837 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2024 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 1.6 Nov 2024 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Nov 2024 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 25,866.364 Feb 2025 | monthly | Dec 1956 - Feb 2025 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 1,435,281.122 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 5.3 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Jan 2025 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 2,211,257.2 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Dec 2024 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 0.2 Dec 2024 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2024 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Households (%) | 5.300 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 12.500 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2024 |
| Credit to Households (USD bn) | 774.665 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1980 - Sep 2024 |
| Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 2,141.598 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 1970 - Sep 2024 |
| Household Debt (USD mn) | 808,235.9 Jun 2024 | quarterly | Dec 1989 - Jun 2024 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 2,214,730.964 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1989 - Jan 2025 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 2.63 Jan 2025 | monthly | Dec 1990 - Jan 2025 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 71.73 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Dec 2024 |
| Money Supply: Spain Contribution: M2 (EUR mn) | 1,567,095.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1997 - Jan 2025 |
| Money Supply: Spain Contribution: M1 (EUR mn) | 1,296,297.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1997 - Jan 2025 |
| Money Supply: Spain Contribution: M3 (EUR mn) | 1,656,016.000 Jan 2025 | monthly | Sep 1997 - Jan 2025 |
| Reserve Assets: Foreign Exchange (EUR th) | 59,829,637.000 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Feb 2025 |
| Reserve Assets (EUR th) | 104,900,349.000 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Feb 2025 |
More Indicators for Spain
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.
Please note, product demos are not available for students. Please click here to find out more about the version of CEIC available for student users.