Saudi Arabia Government Debt: % of GDP

2016 - 2023 | Quarterly | % | CEIC Data

Key information about Saudi Arabia Government Debt: % of GDP

  • Saudi Arabia Government debt accounted for 26.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with the ratio of 24.8 % in the previous quarter.
  • Saudi Arabia government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2016 to Dec 2023.
  • The data reached an all-time high of 32.5 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 12.0 % in Mar 2017.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides Government Debt in local currency. The General Authority for Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Saudi Arabia Government Debt: % of GDP

  • In the latest reports, Saudi Arabia National Government Debt reached 273.1 USD bn in Dec 2023.
  • The country's Nominal GDP reached 267.9 USD bn in Mar 2023.

View Saudi Arabia's Government Debt: % of GDP from Dec 2016 to Dec 2023 in the chart:

Saudi Arabia Government Debt: % of GDP

What was Saudi Arabia's Government Debt: % of GDP in Dec 2023?

Saudi Arabia Government debt accounted for 26.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with the ratio of 24.8 % in the previous quarter. See the table below for more data.

Last Previous Min Max Unit Frequency Range
26.2 Dec 2023 24.8 Sep 2023 12.0 Mar 2017 32.5 Mar 2021 % quarterly Dec 2016 - Dec 2023

Government Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison

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Includes Government Debt: % of GDP on 108 economies standardised by CEIC. Instant access to full history data in excel.
country/region Last Frequency Range
Albania (%) 61.2 Jun 2023 quarterly Sep 2010 - Jun 2023
Algeria (%) 62.1 2022 yearly 1997 - 2022
Argentina (%) 80.3 Mar 2023 quarterly Dec 2004 - Mar 2023
Armenia (%) 50.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2013 - Dec 2023
Australia (%) 41.8 2022 yearly 1999 - 2022
Austria (%) 77.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
Azerbaijan (%) 16.8 2021 yearly 2008 - 2021
Bahrain (%) 93.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2007 - Dec 2023
Bangladesh (%) 23.6 2023 yearly 2010 - 2023
Belarus (%) 35.9 Mar 2022 quarterly Dec 2003 - Mar 2022
Belgium (%) 108.0 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 1980 - Sep 2023
Bolivia (%) 27.2 2014 yearly 1998 - 2014
Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) 20.7 2022 yearly 2007 - 2022
Botswana (%) 17.2 Jun 2023 quarterly Jun 2014 - Jun 2023
Brazil (%) 74.4 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2006 - Dec 2023
Bulgaria (%) 21.0 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Sep 2023
Cambodia (%) 33.7 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
Canada (%) 67.8 2023 yearly 1962 - 2023
Chile (%) 39.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2002 - Dec 2023
China (%) 22.7 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2014 - Sep 2023
Colombia (%) 59.0 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2005 - Sep 2023
Croatia (%) 67.8 Dec 2022 quarterly Dec 1995 - Dec 2022
Cyprus (%) 77.4 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Dec 2023
Czech Republic (%) 44.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
Denmark (%) 29.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
Ecuador (%) 67.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2005 - Dec 2023
Egypt (%) 68.6 Jun 2020 quarterly Jun 2006 - Jun 2020
Estonia (%) 19.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
European Union (%) 82.4 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Sep 2023
Finland (%) 75.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
France (%) 1.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1995 - Dec 2023
Georgia (%) 39.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
Germany (%) 63.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
Ghana (%) 70.7 2022 yearly 2006 - 2022
Greece (%) 165.5 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 1999 - Sep 2023
Hong Kong SAR, China (%) 50.1 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
Hungary (%) 69.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1990 - Dec 2023
Iceland (%) 64.8 2023 yearly 1998 - 2023
India (%) 59.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2012 - Dec 2023
Indonesia (%) 39.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Jun 2015 - Dec 2023
Iran (%) 8.3 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1998 - Sep 2023
Ireland (%) 43.5 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Sep 2023
Israel (%) 60.3 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Italy (%) 137.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1995 - Dec 2023
Ivory Coast (%) 8.6 2015 yearly 1975 - 2015
Japan (%) 217.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1994 - Dec 2023
Jordan (%) 89.2 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2002 - Sep 2023
Kazakhstan (%) 23.1 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2005 - Sep 2023
Kenya (%) 68.3 Mar 2023 quarterly Dec 2009 - Mar 2023
South Korea (%) 49.9 Sep 2023 quarterly Sep 2002 - Sep 2023
Kosovo (%) 19.9 2022 yearly 2009 - 2022
Kuwait (%) 0.4 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Sep 2023
Kyrgyzstan (%) 45.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2011 - Dec 2023
Latvia (%) 39.5 Jun 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2023
Lebanon (%) 150.6 2020 yearly 1998 - 2020
Lithuania (%) 38.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
Luxembourg (%) 25.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1997 - Dec 2023
North Macedonia (%) 53.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2009 - Dec 2023
Malawi (%) 66.0 2014 yearly 2010 - 2014
Malaysia (%) 64.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Dec 2023
Malta (%) 49.6 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2000 - Sep 2023
Mauritius (%) 69.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Jun 2003 - Dec 2023
Mexico (%) 49.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2005 - Dec 2023
Moldova (%) 34.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
Mongolia (%) 59.4 Dec 2021 quarterly Dec 2017 - Dec 2021
Montenegro (%) 59.7 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Sep 2023
Morocco (%) 71.6 2022 yearly 1994 - 2022
Nepal (%) 27.2 2019 yearly 1990 - 2019
Netherlands (%) 46.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1999 - Dec 2023
New Zealand (%) 38.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2006 - Dec 2023
Nigeria (%) 39.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Dec 2023
Norway (%) 44.3 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Oman (%) 41.2 2022 yearly 1990 - 2022
Pakistan (%) 71.6 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Palestinian Territory (%) 72.6 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Sep 2023
Panama (%) 56.4 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2007 - Dec 2023
Paraguay (%) 34.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2014 - Dec 2023
Peru (%) 32.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
Philippines (%) 60.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1993 - Dec 2023
Poland (%) 49.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2002 - Dec 2023
Portugal (%) 99.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1995 - Dec 2023
Qatar (%) 15.0 2012 yearly 2006 - 2012
Romania (%) 48.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2011 - Dec 2023
Russia (%) 14.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2011 - Dec 2023
Saudi Arabia (%) 26.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2016 - Dec 2023
Serbia (%) 52.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Sep 2004 - Dec 2023
Singapore (%) 170.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1990 - Dec 2023
Slovakia (%) 59.5 Jun 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Jun 2023
Slovenia (%) 69.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1999 - Dec 2023
South Africa (%) 73.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1960 - Dec 2023
Spain (%) 107.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2023
Sri Lanka (%) 104.4 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2014 - Sep 2023
Sweden (%) 30.4 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1996 - Sep 2023
Switzerland (%) 23.1 2027 yearly 1990 - 2027
Taiwan (%) 29.7 2022 yearly 1996 - 2022
Tajikistan (%) 36.3 2021 yearly 1999 - 2021
Thailand (%) 54.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1997 - Dec 2023
Tunisia (%) 79.7 Dec 2021 monthly Apr 2011 - Dec 2021
Turkey (%) 29.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2001 - Dec 2023
Ukraine (%) 79.4 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2010 - Dec 2023

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Saudi Arabia Key Series

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Government and Public Finance Last Frequency Range
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) 2.5 2022 yearly 1969 - 2022
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) -21,585.731 2023 yearly 1969 - 2023
National Government Debt (USD mn) 273,066.7 2023 yearly 2004 - 2023
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 26.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2016 - Dec 2023
Forecast: Government Expenditure (SAR bn) 1,344.120 2028 yearly 1990 - 2028
Forecast: Government Net Debt (SAR bn) 806.352 2028 yearly 1991 - 2028
Forecast: Government Revenue (SAR bn) 1,374.230 2028 yearly 1991 - 2028
Public Debt (SAR mn) 87,982.516 2023 yearly 2004 - 2023
Foreign Trade Last Frequency Range
Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) 5.415 2028 yearly 1980 - 2028
Trade Balance (USD mn) 111,202.9 2023 yearly 1957 - 2023
Total Exports (USD mn) 25,318.3 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2015 - Jan 2024
Total Exports Growth (%) -10.3 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2016 - Jan 2024
Aluminum: Exports (USD th) 3,177,047.652 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Exports: Medicament (USD th) 545,269.271 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) 22,592.765 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Total Imports (USD mn) 17,790.5 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2005 - Jan 2024
Total Imports Growth (%) -1.4 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2006 - Jan 2024
Imports: Medicament (USD th) 5,358,995.860 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) 2,078,407.217 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) 223.503 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2017 - Jan 2024
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) 1,381.322 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2005 - Jan 2024
Total Exports to China (USD mn) 1,686.288 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2017 - Jan 2024
Total Imports from China (USD mn) 3,628.458 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1981 - Jan 2024
Exports: Value: Non Oil (SAR mn) 19,555.77 Apr 2018 monthly Jan 2005 - Apr 2018
Exports: Value: Oil (SAR mn) 68,943.34 Apr 2018 monthly May 2016 - Apr 2018
Exports: Value: Petroleum Products (SAR mn) 125,222.000 2017 yearly 1970 - 2017
Exports: Value: Crude Petroleum (SAR mn) 513,181.000 2017 yearly 1953 - 2017
Exports: ow USA (SAR mn) 838.135 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2017 - Jan 2024
Exports: ow China (SAR mn) 6,323.580 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2017 - Jan 2024
Exports: Value (SAR mn) 94,943.567 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2015 - Jan 2024
Exports: India (SAR mn) 1,030.331 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2017 - Jan 2024
Exports: South Korea (SAR mn) 1,865.858 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2017 - Jan 2024
Exports: Value: Asia: India (SAR mn) 157,187.346 2022 yearly 1984 - 2022
Imports: HS: Value: MC: Mineral Products (SAR mn) 60,441.675 2023 yearly 1983 - 2023
Imports: HS: Value: Hides and Skins, Wood, Cardboard and Articles (HW) (SAR mn) 17,042.009 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Imports: HS: Value: Foodstuffs (SAR mn) 103,472.691 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Imports: HS: Value: Pearls, Precious & Semi Precious Stones, Precious Metals, Ar... (SAR mn) 33,729.880 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Imports: HS: Value: Transport Equipment (SAR mn) 138,396.368 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Imports: Value: European Union: Germany (SAR mn) 30,000.405 2022 yearly 1984 - 2022
Imports: Value: Asia: South Korea (SAR mn) 19,767.343 2022 yearly 1984 - 2022
Balance of Payments Last Frequency Range
Direct Investment Abroad (USD mn) 1,572.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
Current Account Balance (USD mn) 4,345.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) 1.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) 3,516.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) 1.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment (USD mn) 3,396.120 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: % of GDP (%) 1.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2023
Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) 6.924 2028 yearly 1980 - 2028
Net International Investment Position (USD mn) 785,074.650 2023 yearly 2007 - 2023
BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities: Equity (USD mn) 1,074.043 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2018 - Sep 2023
BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities: Debt Securities (USD mn) 616.607 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2018 - Sep 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Other Investment (USD mn) -12,678.459 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Other Investment: Assets (USD mn) 4,039.242 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Portfolio Investment: Assets (USD mn) 19,682.520 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Secondary Income (USD mn) -13,322.937 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities (USD mn) 3,396.120 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Goods & Services: Services: Debit (USD mn) 24,031.936 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Portfolio Investment (USD mn) 16,286.400 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: Errors and Omissions (USD mn) -3,505.581 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Reserve Assets (USD mn) -2,580.978 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: Financial Account (FA) (USD mn) -916.716 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Goods & Services: Goods: Debit (USD mn) 49,782.867 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Goods & Services: Goods: Credit (USD mn) 79,505.705 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Other Investment: Liabilities (USD mn) 16,717.701 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Primary Income: Credit (USD mn) 8,542.244 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Primary Income: Debit (USD mn) 7,765.631 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Direct Investment: Assets (USD mn) 1,572.855 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Goods & Services: Services: Credit (USD mn) 11,200.383 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Primary Income (USD mn) 776.612 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: FA: Direct Investment (USD mn) -1,943.678 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Goods & Services: Goods (USD mn) 29,722.838 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
BoP: USD: CA: Goods & Services: Services (USD mn) -12,831.554 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2023
IIP: Assets (SAR mn) 5,352,001.798 2023 yearly 2007 - 2023
International Investment Position (IIP) (SAR mn) 2,944,029.939 2023 yearly 2007 - 2023
IIP: Liabilities (SAR mn) 2,407,971.859 2023 yearly 2007 - 2023
Monetary Last Frequency Range
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) 1.6 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2009 - Sep 2023
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) 11.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2003 - Dec 2023
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) 417,393.794 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) 641,002.539 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024
M2 Growth (%) 10.5 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1994 - Feb 2024
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) 7.0 Mar 2024 monthly Mar 1980 - Mar 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) 406,940.5 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2001 - Feb 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) 38.579 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2003 - Dec 2023
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) 23.4 2023 yearly 1957 - 2023
Gold Reserves (USD mn) 432.934 Mar 2024 monthly Dec 1957 - Mar 2024
Total Deposits (USD mn) 676,857.784 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024
Total Deposits Growth (%) 10.3 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1994 - Feb 2024
Domestic Credit (USD mn) 279,406.0 Feb 2018 monthly Oct 1983 - Feb 2018
Domestic Credit Growth (%) 21.6 Dec 2017 quarterly Mar 1969 - Dec 2017
Credit to Households (USD bn) 343.508 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1998 - Sep 2023
Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) 784.198 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1993 - Sep 2023
Household Debt (USD mn) 125,038.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1998 - Dec 2023
Total Loans (USD mn) 706,294.887 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1997 - Feb 2024
Total Loans Growth (%) 10.85 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1998 - Feb 2024
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) 61.93 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2003 - Dec 2023
Base Money (SAR mn) 382,248.004 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2024
Monetary Survey: Liabilities: Money & Quasi Money (SAR mn) 2,756,193.012 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024
Money Supply: M3: M2: M1 (SAR mn) 1,565,226.729 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024
Money Supply: M3: M2 (SAR mn) 2,403,759.521 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024
Official Reserve Assets: Foreign Currency and Deposits Abroad (SAR mn) 547,978.862 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2001 - Feb 2024
Official Reserve Assets (SAR mn) 1,707,388.317 Mar 2024 monthly Jan 2001 - Mar 2024
Official Reserve Assets: Gold (SAR mn) 1,623.503 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2001 - Feb 2019
Banks Deposits (SAR mn) 2,538,216.688 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1993 - Feb 2024

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