Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP
1990 - 2021 | Yearly | % | CEIC Data
Key information about Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP
- Nepal Government debt accounted for 39.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jul 2021, compared with the ratio of 36.8 % in the previous year.
- Nepal government debt to GDP ratio data is updated yearly, available from Jul 1990 to Jul 2021.
- The data reached an all-time high of 66.5 % in Jul 1994 and a record low of 12.8 % in Jul 2018.
*This indicator will be no longer available from March 2026, 4th onwards. CEIC has a plan to remove the non-standard frequency indicator after the standard frequency indicator has been added and be available on this table. CEIC calculates Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Government Debt and annual Nominal GDP. Government Debt is calculated as the sum of Domestic and External Government Debt. Nepal Rastra Bank provides Government Debt in local currency. The Central Bureau of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency, at producer prices, based on SNA 2008. Government Debt covers Central Government only. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, generally ending on July 15th of each year. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2011 is calculated from Nominal GDP, based on SNA 1993. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2001 is sourced from the World Bank.
Related information about Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP
- In the latest reports, Nepal National Government Debt reached 14.5 USD bn in Jul 2021.
- The country's Nominal GDP reached 44.8 USD bn in Jul 2025.
View Nepal's Government Debt: % of GDP from 1990 to 2021 in the chart:
What was Nepal's Government Debt: % of GDP in 2021?
Nepal Government debt accounted for 39.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jul 2021, compared with the ratio of 36.8 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39.9 2021 | 36.8 2020 | 12.8 2018 | 66.5 1994 | % | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
Government Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (%) | 52.4 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Sep 2010 - Sep 2025 |
| Algeria (%) | 47.8 2024 | yearly | 1997 - 2024 |
| Argentina (%) | 73.3 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2004 - Jun 2025 |
| Armenia (%) | 50.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2013 - Sep 2025 |
| Australia (%) | 38.3 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Austria (%) | 83.7 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Azerbaijan (%) | 16.8 2021 | yearly | 2008 - 2021 |
| Bahrain (%) | 102.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2007 - Sep 2025 |
| Bangladesh (%) | 23.9 2025 | yearly | 2010 - 2025 |
| Belarus (%) | 35.9 Mar 2022 | quarterly | Dec 2003 - Mar 2022 |
| Belgium (%) | 106.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1980 - Sep 2025 |
| Bolivia (%) | 27.2 2014 | yearly | 1998 - 2014 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 18.7 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Botswana (%) | 29.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2014 - Sep 2025 |
| Brazil (%) | 78.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Bulgaria (%) | 28.4 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Sep 2025 |
| Cambodia (%) | 26.0 2024 | yearly | 2013 - 2024 |
| Canada (%) | 69.3 2025 | yearly | 1962 - 2025 |
| Chile (%) | 43.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2025 |
| China (%) | 28.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Sep 2025 |
| Colombia (%) | 64.0 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2005 - Jun 2025 |
| Croatia (%) | 57.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Sep 2025 |
| Cyprus (%) | 60.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Sep 2025 |
| Czech Republic (%) | 43.8 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| Denmark (%) | 29.7 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Ecuador (%) | 65.6 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2005 - Sep 2025 |
| Egypt (%) | 57.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| Estonia (%) | 22.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| European Union (%) | 82.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Finland (%) | 88.5 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| France (%) | 110.6 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2023 |
| Georgia (%) | 34.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| Germany (%) | 62.3 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| Ghana (%) | 61.8 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Greece (%) | 151.2 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 46.3 2025 | yearly | 2003 - 2025 |
| Hungary (%) | 75.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1990 - Sep 2025 |
| Iceland (%) | 60.3 2024 | yearly | 1998 - 2024 |
| India (%) | 56.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2025 |
| Indonesia (%) | 39.2 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Jun 2015 - Dec 2024 |
| Iran (%) | 7.8 Mar 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Mar 2025 |
| Ireland (%) | 32.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Israel (%) | 66.5 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Italy (%) | 137.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Sep 2025 |
| Ivory Coast (%) | 8.6 2015 | yearly | 1975 - 2015 |
| Japan (%) | 203.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Jun 1982 - Sep 2025 |
| Jordan (%) | 83.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2025 |
| Kazakhstan (%) | 23.0 Dec 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2024 |
| Kenya (%) | 68.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2009 - Sep 2025 |
| South Korea (%) | 47.0 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Sep 2002 - Jun 2025 |
| Kosovo (%) | 19.9 2022 | yearly | 2009 - 2022 |
| Kuwait (%) | 1.1 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Jun 2025 |
| Kyrgyzstan (%) | 43.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Sep 2025 |
| Latvia (%) | 45.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Lebanon (%) | 23.6 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Lithuania (%) | 39.1 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| Luxembourg (%) | 25.1 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1997 - Jun 2025 |
| North Macedonia (%) | 53.4 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2009 - Jun 2025 |
| Malawi (%) | 66.0 2014 | yearly | 2010 - 2014 |
| Malaysia (%) | 66.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Sep 2025 |
| Malta (%) | 46.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Mauritius (%) | 80.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Dec 2025 |
| Mexico (%) | 60.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2005 - Sep 2025 |
| Moldova (%) | 38.0 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Jun 2025 |
| Mongolia (%) | 38.6 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2017 - Jun 2025 |
| Montenegro (%) | 58.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Sep 2025 |
| Morocco (%) | 71.4 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
| Nepal (%) | 39.9 2021 | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
| Netherlands (%) | 42.4 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Sep 2025 |
| New Zealand (%) | 48.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| Nigeria (%) | 37.5 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Jun 2025 |
| Norway (%) | 53.2 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Oman (%) | 35.4 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Pakistan (%) | 68.3 2025 | yearly | 2000 - 2025 |
| Palestinian Territory (%) | 110.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Sep 2025 |
| Panama (%) | 63.7 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2007 - Jun 2025 |
| Paraguay (%) | 35.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2014 - Sep 2025 |
| Peru (%) | 31.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2025 |
| Philippines (%) | 63.2 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Dec 2025 |
| Poland (%) | 58.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Portugal (%) | 89.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2025 |
| Qatar (%) | 15.0 2012 | yearly | 2006 - 2012 |
| Romania (%) | 58.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2011 - Sep 2025 |
| Russia (%) | 15.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2011 - Sep 2025 |
| Saudi Arabia (%) | 30.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2016 - Sep 2025 |
| Serbia (%) | 43.7 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Sep 2004 - Sep 2025 |
| Singapore (%) | 166.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1990 - Dec 2025 |
| Slovakia (%) | 62.9 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| Slovenia (%) | 69.3 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| South Africa (%) | 78.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1960 - Sep 2025 |
| Spain (%) | 103.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Sep 2025 |
| Sri Lanka (%) | 93.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Sep 2025 |
| Sweden (%) | 33.3 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Jun 2025 |
| Switzerland (%) | 22.2 2029 | yearly | 1990 - 2029 |
| Taiwan, China (%) | 29.0 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
| Tajikistan (%) | 36.3 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
| Thailand (%) | 58.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1997 - Sep 2025 |
| Tunisia (%) | 81.2 2024 | yearly | 2016 - 2024 |
| Turkey (%) | 24.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Sep 2025 |
| Ukraine (%) | 90.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Sep 2025 |
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Learn more about what we doNepal Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -10.0 2018 | yearly | 2012 - 2018 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -117.285 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2017 - Dec 2025 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 234,327.945 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2019 - Sep 2025 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 19.1 2018 | yearly | 2001 - 2018 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 14,538.4 2021 | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 39.9 2021 | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (NPR bn) | 2,604.728 2030 | yearly | 2000 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (NPR bn) | 4,815.645 2030 | yearly | 2000 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (NPR bn) | 2,282.135 2030 | yearly | 2000 - 2030 |
| Government Debt: Total (NPR mn) | 1,735,015.267 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
| Government Debt: External (NPR mn) | 934,695.200 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
| Government Domestic Debt: Annual: Bonds & Treasury Bills (NPR mn) | 1,125,188.232 2023 | yearly | 1986 - 2023 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 0.000 | yearly | - |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | -1,023.0 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 1974 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 177.1 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 1.5 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2004 - Jan 2026 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 2,069.671 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 11,731.470 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 2,069.949 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 1,200.2 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 7.4 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2004 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 210,184.160 2024 | yearly | 1998 - 2024 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 297,733.053 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 12.894 Oct 2025 | monthly | Sep 1983 - Oct 2025 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 18.114 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Oct 2025 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 1.209 Jan 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 224.119 Jan 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: Manufactured Goods Classified by Materials (NPR mn) | 6,680.649 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: Miscellaneous Manufactures Articles (NPR mn) | 1,911.478 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: Food & Live Animals (NPR mn) | 3,438.554 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: Chemicals (NPR mn) | 864.433 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: Crude Materials Inedible: Except Fuel (NPR mn) | 593.919 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Machinery & Transport Equipments (NPR mn) | 35,679.165 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants & Related Minerals (NPR mn) | 21,475.868 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Manufactured Goods Classified by Materials (NPR mn) | 28,472.290 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Chemicals (NPR mn) | 20,312.858 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Food & Live Animals (NPR mn) | 17,033.243 Oct 2025 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis: Other Countries (NPR mn) | 4,633.278 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis (NPR mn) | 172,833.691 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Trade Balance: Custom Basis (NPR mn) | -147,324.711 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis: China (NPR mn) | 32,274.530 Jan 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis (NPR mn) | 25,508.980 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis: India (NPR mn) | 98,392.563 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis: India (NPR mn) | 20,701.601 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis: China (NPR mn) | 174.101 Jan 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis: Other Countries (NPR mn) | 42,166.598 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Export Volume Index (2015=100) | 171.601 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
| Export Value Index (2015=100) | 233.718 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Import Value Index (2015=100) | 238.930 2021 | yearly | 1980 - 2021 |
| Import Volume Index (2015=100) | 187.157 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
| Balance of Payments | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance (USD mn) | 1,345.6 Jan 2026 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jan 2026 |
| Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) | 6.7 2025 | yearly | 2001 - 2025 |
| Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) | 9.1 Jan 2026 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jan 2026 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) | 0.1 2025 | yearly | 2001 - 2025 |
| External Debt (USD mn) | 10,519.7 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2024 |
| External Debt: % of GDP (%) | 17.3 2016 | yearly | 2001 - 2016 |
| External Debt: Short Term (USD mn) | 422.9 2024 | yearly | 1977 - 2024 |
| Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) | -2.431 2030 | yearly | 1980 - 2030 |
| Net International Investment Position (USD mn) | 3,934.074 Mar 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2012 - Mar 2025 |
| NP: BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Assets (USD mn) | 0.000 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Jun 2020 |
| NP: BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities (USD mn) | 0.000 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Jun 2020 |
| NP: BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment (USD mn) | 0.000 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Jun 2020 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment in Nepal (NPR mn) | 1,919.110 Jul 2024 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jul 2024 |
| BoP: Capital Account (NPR mn) | 1,036.240 Jul 2024 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jul 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account (NPR mn) | 63,943.939 Jul 2024 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jul 2024 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 2.5 2015 | yearly | 2003 - 2015 |
| Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) | 267.883 2015 | yearly | 2003 - 2015 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 8,197.327 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 57,327.049 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 14.2 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Jan 2026 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 4.0 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jul 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 19,985.3 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Jan 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 4.000 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jul 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 16.7 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 1,412.372 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jul 1957 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 42,957.520 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 4.8 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 47,961.8 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 4.1 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 36,085.037 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Oct 2025 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 7.19 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Oct 2025 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 74.44 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Foreign Reserve (USD mn) | 21,561.890 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Jan 2026 |
| Monetary Survey: Domestic Credits (DO) (NPR mn) | 6,921,365.414 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Monetary Survey: Narrow Money M1 (NPR mn) | 1,182,956.255 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Monetary Survey: Broad Money M2 (NPR mn) | 8,272,866.444 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Commercial Banks: Deposits exclude Interbank (NPR mn) | 6,342,565.997 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Commercial Banks: Loans & Advances (NPR mn) | 1,945,068.90 Jan 2018 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2018 |
| CB: NPL (NPR mn) | 27,174.060 2015 | yearly | 2003 - 2015 |
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