Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP
1990 - 2021 | Yearly | % | CEIC Data
Key information about Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP
- Nepal Government debt accounted for 39.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jul 2021, compared with the ratio of 36.8 % in the previous year.
- Nepal government debt to GDP ratio data is updated yearly, available from Jul 1990 to Jul 2021.
- The data reached an all-time high of 66.5 % in Jul 1994 and a record low of 12.8 % in Jul 2018.
*This indicator will be no longer available from March 2026, 4th onwards. CEIC has a plan to remove the non-standard frequency indicator after the standard frequency indicator has been added and be available on this table. CEIC calculates Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Government Debt and annual Nominal GDP. Government Debt is calculated as the sum of Domestic and External Government Debt. Nepal Rastra Bank provides Government Debt in local currency. The Central Bureau of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency, at producer prices, based on SNA 2008. Government Debt covers Central Government only. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, generally ending on July 15th of each year. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2011 is calculated from Nominal GDP, based on SNA 1993. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2001 is sourced from the World Bank.
Related information about Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP
- In the latest reports, Nepal National Government Debt reached 14.5 USD bn in Jul 2021.
- The country's Nominal GDP reached 44.8 USD bn in Jul 2025.
View Nepal's Government Debt: % of GDP from 1990 to 2021 in the chart:
What was Nepal's Government Debt: % of GDP in 2021?
Nepal Government debt accounted for 39.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jul 2021, compared with the ratio of 36.8 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39.9 2021 | 36.8 2020 | 12.8 2018 | 66.5 1994 | % | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
Government Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (%) | 51.8 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Sep 2010 - Dec 2025 |
| Algeria (%) | 47.8 2024 | yearly | 1997 - 2024 |
| Argentina (%) | 73.3 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2004 - Jun 2025 |
| Armenia (%) | 46.2 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Dec 2013 - Mar 2026 |
| Australia (%) | 38.3 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| Austria (%) | 81.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Azerbaijan (%) | 16.8 2021 | yearly | 2008 - 2021 |
| Bahrain (%) | 105.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2007 - Dec 2025 |
| Bangladesh (%) | 38.9 2025 | yearly | 2010 - 2025 |
| Belarus (%) | 35.9 Mar 2022 | quarterly | Dec 2003 - Mar 2022 |
| Belgium (%) | 107.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1980 - Dec 2025 |
| Bolivia (%) | 27.2 2014 | yearly | 1998 - 2014 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 18.7 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Botswana (%) | 30.2 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2014 - Dec 2025 |
| Brazil (%) | 80.0 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Dec 2006 - Mar 2026 |
| Bulgaria (%) | 29.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Dec 2025 |
| Cambodia (%) | 26.0 2024 | yearly | 2013 - 2024 |
| Canada (%) | 69.2 2025 | yearly | 1962 - 2025 |
| Chile (%) | 42.6 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| China (%) | 29.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Dec 2025 |
| Colombia (%) | 66.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| Croatia (%) | 56.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2025 |
| Cyprus (%) | 55.0 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Dec 2025 |
| Czech Republic (%) | 44.3 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Denmark (%) | 27.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Ecuador (%) | 67.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| Egypt (%) | 60.0 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Estonia (%) | 24.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| European Union (%) | 81.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Finland (%) | 88.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| France (%) | 110.6 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2023 |
| Georgia (%) | 34.2 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Germany (%) | 63.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Ghana (%) | 61.8 2024 | yearly | 2006 - 2024 |
| Greece (%) | 146.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Dec 2025 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 46.1 2025 | yearly | 2003 - 2025 |
| Hungary (%) | 77.9 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Dec 1990 - Mar 2026 |
| Iceland (%) | 56.1 2025 | yearly | 1998 - 2025 |
| India (%) | 58.6 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Dec 2025 |
| Indonesia (%) | 40.8 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Jun 2015 - Mar 2026 |
| Iran (%) | 8.7 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1998 - Jun 2025 |
| Ireland (%) | 32.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Israel (%) | 67.2 2025 | yearly | 1995 - 2025 |
| Italy (%) | 137.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Dec 2025 |
| Ivory Coast (%) | 8.6 2015 | yearly | 1975 - 2015 |
| Japan (%) | 200.6 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Jun 1982 - Mar 2026 |
| Jordan (%) | 83.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Kazakhstan (%) | 22.8 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2025 |
| Kenya (%) | 68.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2009 - Sep 2025 |
| South Korea (%) | 47.6 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Sep 2002 - Dec 2025 |
| Kosovo (%) | 19.9 2022 | yearly | 2009 - 2022 |
| Kuwait (%) | 4.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Dec 2025 |
| Kyrgyzstan (%) | 39.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2011 - Dec 2025 |
| Latvia (%) | 46.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Lebanon (%) | 24.7 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Lithuania (%) | 39.1 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| Luxembourg (%) | 26.5 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1997 - Dec 2025 |
| North Macedonia (%) | 51.8 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2009 - Dec 2025 |
| Malawi (%) | 66.0 2014 | yearly | 2010 - 2014 |
| Malaysia (%) | 65.3 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Mar 2026 |
| Malta (%) | 46.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Mauritius (%) | 80.8 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Jun 2003 - Mar 2026 |
| Mexico (%) | 57.9 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Dec 2005 - Mar 2026 |
| Moldova (%) | 38.0 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2007 - Jun 2025 |
| Mongolia (%) | 38.6 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2017 - Jun 2025 |
| Montenegro (%) | 58.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Sep 2025 |
| Morocco (%) | 71.4 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
| Nepal (%) | 39.9 2021 | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
| Netherlands (%) | 44.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Dec 2025 |
| New Zealand (%) | 49.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Nigeria (%) | 35.9 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Dec 2025 |
| Norway (%) | 54.3 2025 | yearly | 1995 - 2025 |
| Oman (%) | 34.6 2025 | yearly | 1990 - 2025 |
| Pakistan (%) | 68.3 2025 | yearly | 2000 - 2025 |
| Palestinian Territory (%) | 103.8 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Dec 2025 |
| Panama (%) | 65.6 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2007 - Dec 2025 |
| Paraguay (%) | 33.2 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2014 - Dec 2025 |
| Peru (%) | 29.3 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Mar 2026 |
| Philippines (%) | 65.2 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Mar 1993 - Mar 2026 |
| Poland (%) | 59.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Portugal (%) | 90.9 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Dec 1995 - Mar 2026 |
| Qatar (%) | 15.0 2012 | yearly | 2006 - 2012 |
| Romania (%) | 59.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2011 - Dec 2025 |
| Russia (%) | 16.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2011 - Dec 2025 |
| Saudi Arabia (%) | 31.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2016 - Dec 2025 |
| Serbia (%) | 44.4 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Sep 2004 - Dec 2025 |
| Singapore (%) | 166.2 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Mar 1990 - Mar 2026 |
| Slovakia (%) | 62.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Slovenia (%) | 65.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1999 - Dec 2025 |
| South Africa (%) | 78.8 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1960 - Dec 2025 |
| Spain (%) | 100.7 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1995 - Dec 2025 |
| Sri Lanka (%) | 91.6 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2014 - Dec 2025 |
| Sweden (%) | 35.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| Switzerland (%) | 22.2 2029 | yearly | 1990 - 2029 |
| Taiwan, China (%) | 26.8 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Tajikistan (%) | 36.3 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
| Thailand (%) | 59.1 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1997 - Dec 2025 |
| Tunisia (%) | 80.5 2025 | yearly | 2016 - 2025 |
| Turkey (%) | 23.8 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2025 |
| Ukraine (%) | 98.6 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2010 - Dec 2025 |
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Learn more about what we doNepal Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -10.0 2018 | yearly | 2012 - 2018 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -518.302 Mar 2026 | quarterly | Mar 2017 - Mar 2026 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 516,115.076 Dec 2025 | quarterly | Jun 2019 - Dec 2025 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 19.1 2018 | yearly | 2001 - 2018 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 14,538.4 2021 | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 39.9 2021 | yearly | 1990 - 2021 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (NPR bn) | 2,662.687 2031 | yearly | 2000 - 2031 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (NPR bn) | 4,804.823 2031 | yearly | 2000 - 2031 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (NPR bn) | 2,346.905 2031 | yearly | 2000 - 2031 |
| Government Debt: Total (NPR mn) | 1,735,015.267 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
| Government Debt: External (NPR mn) | 934,695.200 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
| Government Domestic Debt: Annual: Bonds & Treasury Bills (NPR mn) | 1,125,188.232 2023 | yearly | 1986 - 2023 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 0.000 | yearly | - |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | -1,133.4 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 1974 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 212.9 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 6.0 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2004 - Apr 2026 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 2,069.671 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 11,731.470 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 2,069.949 2024 | yearly | 1996 - 2024 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 1,346.3 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 22.7 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2004 - Apr 2026 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 210,184.160 2024 | yearly | 1998 - 2024 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 297,733.053 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 10.274 Feb 2026 | monthly | Sep 1983 - Feb 2026 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 13.210 Feb 2026 | monthly | Jan 1981 - Feb 2026 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 1.442 Apr 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 234.472 Apr 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Apr 2026 |
| Exports: Manufactured Goods Classified by Materials (NPR mn) | 6,414.472 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: Crude Materials Inedible: Except Fuel (NPR mn) | 498.741 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: Food & Live Animals (NPR mn) | 4,583.389 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: Chemicals (NPR mn) | 691.788 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: Miscellaneous Manufactures Articles (NPR mn) | 1,320.562 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: Manufactured Goods Classified by Materials (NPR mn) | 34,761.907 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants & Related Minerals (NPR mn) | 30,342.799 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: Chemicals (NPR mn) | 23,265.812 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: Food & Live Animals (NPR mn) | 19,034.502 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Imports: Machinery & Transport Equipments (NPR mn) | 31,309.101 Jan 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Jan 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis (NPR mn) | 31,824.194 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis: Other Countries (NPR mn) | 4,331.905 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis (NPR mn) | 201,248.634 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Trade Balance: Custom Basis (NPR mn) | -169,424.441 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis: India (NPR mn) | 122,995.871 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis: Other Countries (NPR mn) | 43,202.415 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis: India (NPR mn) | 27,276.733 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Exports: fob: Custom Basis: China (NPR mn) | 215.556 Apr 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Apr 2026 |
| Imports: cif: Custom Basis: China (NPR mn) | 35,050.349 Apr 2026 | monthly | Apr 2013 - Apr 2026 |
| Import Volume Index (2015=100) | 132.000 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
| Export Volume Index (2015=100) | 121.800 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
| Export Value Index (2015=100) | 161.200 2023 | yearly | 1980 - 2023 |
| Import Value Index (2015=100) | 180.700 2023 | yearly | 1980 - 2023 |
| Balance of Payments | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current Account Balance (USD mn) | 1,345.6 Jan 2026 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jan 2026 |
| Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) | 6.7 2025 | yearly | 2001 - 2025 |
| Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) | 9.1 Jan 2026 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jan 2026 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) | 0.1 2025 | yearly | 2001 - 2025 |
| External Debt (USD mn) | 10,519.7 Sep 2024 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2024 |
| External Debt: % of GDP (%) | 17.3 2016 | yearly | 2001 - 2016 |
| External Debt: Short Term (USD mn) | 422.9 2024 | yearly | 1977 - 2024 |
| Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) | -2.824 2031 | yearly | 1980 - 2031 |
| Net International Investment Position (USD mn) | 3,934.074 Mar 2025 | quarterly | Dec 2012 - Mar 2025 |
| NP: BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Assets (USD mn) | 0.000 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Jun 2020 |
| NP: BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment (USD mn) | 0.000 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Jun 2020 |
| NP: BoP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Liabilities (USD mn) | 0.000 Jun 2020 | quarterly | Mar 1977 - Jun 2020 |
| BoP: Financial Account (NPR mn) | 63,943.939 Jul 2024 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jul 2024 |
| BoP: Financial Account: Direct Investment in Nepal (NPR mn) | 1,919.110 Jul 2024 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jul 2024 |
| BoP: Capital Account (NPR mn) | 1,036.240 Jul 2024 | quarterly | Oct 2000 - Jul 2024 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 2.5 2015 | yearly | 2003 - 2015 |
| Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) | 267.883 2015 | yearly | 2003 - 2015 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 8,197.843 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 57,145.279 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 14.5 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Apr 2026 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 4.0 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jul 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 20,775.1 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Apr 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 4.000 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jul 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 15.4 Apr 2026 | monthly | Aug 2003 - Apr 2026 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 1,699.893 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jul 1957 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 47,995.453 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 16.5 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Apr 2026 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 46,834.4 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 3.4 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Apr 2026 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 35,878.681 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2026 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 6.63 Jan 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Jan 2026 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 74.44 2024 | yearly | 2003 - 2024 |
| Foreign Reserve (USD mn) | 22,638.822 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Apr 2026 |
| Monetary Survey: Domestic Credits (DO) (NPR mn) | 6,948,819.447 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Monetary Survey: Narrow Money M1 (NPR mn) | 1,216,313.895 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Monetary Survey: Broad Money M2 (NPR mn) | 8,478,644.976 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Commercial Banks: Deposits exclude Interbank (NPR mn) | 7,121,085.341 Apr 2026 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Apr 2026 |
| Commercial Banks: Loans & Advances (NPR mn) | 1,945,068.90 Jan 2018 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Jan 2018 |
| CB: NPL (NPR mn) | 27,174.060 2015 | yearly | 2003 - 2015 |
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