Germany Electricity Production
2002 - 2021 | Monthly | GWh | Federal Statistics Office Germany
Key information about Germany Electricity Production
- Electricity Production in Germany reached 20,350 GWh in May 2021, compared with 24,479 GWh in the previous month.
- Electricity Production data of Germany is updated monthly averaging at 39,435 GWh from Jan 2002 to May 2021.
- The data reached an all-time high of 53,768 GWh in Jan 2006 and a record low of 17,390 GWh in Apr 2020.
Electricity Generation covers electricity generation plants for general supply with an electric bottleneck capacity (gross) of 1 megawatt or more.
View Germany's Electricity Production from Jan 2002 to May 2021 in the chart:
What was Germany's Electricity Production in May 2021?
Electricity Production in Germany reached 20,350 GWh in May 2021, compared with 24,479 GWh in the previous month. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20,350 May 2021 | 24,479 Apr 2021 | 17,390 Apr 2020 | 53,768 Jan 2006 | GWh | monthly | Jan 2002 - May 2021 |
Electricity Production by Country Comparison
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (GWh) | 1,075 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2012 - Sep 2025 |
| Algeria (GWh) | 6,375 Dec 2022 | monthly | Jul 1999 - Dec 2022 |
| Argentina (GWh) | 10,784 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Oct 2025 |
| Armenia (kWh) | 844,900,000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Australia (GWh) | 252,260 2012 | yearly | 1960 - 2012 |
| Austria (GWh) | 5,643 Nov 2025 | monthly | Sep 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Azerbaijan (GWh) | 28,413 2024 | yearly | 2007 - 2024 |
| Bahrain (GWh) | 3,635 Dec 2016 | quarterly | Mar 2003 - Dec 2016 |
| Bangladesh (GWh) | 9,612 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jul 1993 - Oct 2025 |
| Belarus (GWh) | 3,126 Apr 2022 | monthly | Jan 2012 - Apr 2022 |
| Belgium (GWh) | 5,326 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Bolivia (GWh) | 11,705 2024 | yearly | 1992 - 2024 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (GWh) | 15,932 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Botswana (GWh) | 155 Sep 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Sep 2025 |
| Brazil (GWh) | 58,126 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Nov 2025 |
| Brunei (GWh) | 4,618 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| Bulgaria (GWh) | 3,154 Aug 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Aug 2025 |
| Cambodia (GWh) | 20,596 2025 | yearly | 2004 - 2025 |
| Canada (GWh) | 46,241 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Oct 2025 |
| Chile (GWh) | 7,515 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1996 - Dec 2025 |
| China (GWh) | 858,620 Dec 2025 | monthly | Apr 1986 - Dec 2025 |
| Colombia (GWh) | 7,372 Dec 2025 | monthly | Aug 1995 - Dec 2025 |
| Croatia (GWh) | 1,279 Nov 2025 | monthly | Oct 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Cyprus (GWh) | 5,764 2024 | yearly | 1960 - 2024 |
| Czech Republic (GWh) | 73,891 2024 | yearly | 1993 - 2024 |
| Denmark (GWh) | 3,204 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Ecuador (GWh) | 35,640 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| Egypt (GWh) | 22,700 Sep 2025 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Sep 2025 |
| Estonia (GWh) | 444 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| European Union (GWh) | 221,774 Oct 2025 | monthly | Oct 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Finland (GWh) | 8,146 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1992 - Dec 2025 |
| France (GWh) | 49,755 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1995 - Nov 2025 |
| Georgia (GWh) | 1,171 Dec 2025 | monthly | Sep 2006 - Dec 2025 |
| Germany (GWh) | 20,350 May 2021 | monthly | Jan 2002 - May 2021 |
| Ghana (GWh) | 25,550 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| Greece (GWh) | 3,972 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (GWh) | 11,256 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1992 - Sep 2025 |
| Hungary (GWh) | 37,887 2024 | yearly | 1965 - 2024 |
| Iceland (GWh) | 20,122 2022 | yearly | 1904 - 2022 |
| India (GWh) | 126,408 Dec 2025 | monthly | Sep 1987 - Dec 2025 |
| Indonesia (GWh) | 343,892 2024 | yearly | 1994 - 2024 |
| Iran (GWh) | 386,000 2024 | yearly | 1964 - 2024 |
| Ireland (GWh) | 2,654 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Nov 2025 |
| Israel (GWh) | 79,885 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Italy (GWh) | 22,711 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Ivory Coast (GWh) | 9,835 2018 | yearly | 1990 - 2018 |
| Japan (GWh) | 73,151 Sep 2025 | monthly | Feb 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| Jordan (GWh) | 22,458 2024 | yearly | 1989 - 2024 |
| Kazakhstan (GWh) | 12,607 Dec 2025 | monthly | Nov 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Kenya (GWh) | 1,151 Nov 2025 | monthly | Sep 2005 - Nov 2025 |
| South Korea (GWh) | 45,674 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jul 1961 - Nov 2025 |
| Kosovo (GWh) | 327 May 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - May 2025 |
| Kuwait (GWh) | 5,192 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Nov 2025 |
| Kyrgyzstan (GWh) | 14,736 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Laos (GWh) | 52,945 2024 | yearly | 1985 - 2024 |
| Latvia (GWh) | 508 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Nov 2025 |
| Lebanon (GWh) | 632 May 2021 | monthly | Jan 1995 - May 2021 |
| Lithuania (GWh) | 728 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Oct 2025 |
| Luxembourg (GWh) | 2,531 2023 | yearly | 1938 - 2023 |
| Macau SAR, China (GWh) | 44 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| North Macedonia (GWh) | 511 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Oct 2025 |
| Malawi (GWh) | 121 Mar 2023 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Mar 2023 |
| Malaysia (GWh) | 15,663 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1989 - Nov 2025 |
| Malta (GWh) | 143 Dec 2023 | monthly | Jan 1985 - Dec 2023 |
| Mauritius (GWh) | 3,418 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Mexico (GWh) | 24,795 Jul 2023 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Jul 2023 |
| Moldova (GWh) | 138 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2015 - Nov 2025 |
| Mongolia (GWh) | 7,070 2020 | yearly | 1989 - 2020 |
| Montenegro (GWh) | 3,205 2024 | yearly | 2000 - 2024 |
| Morocco (GWh) | 40,512 2021 | yearly | 2012 - 2021 |
| Mozambique (GWh) | 19,753 2023 | yearly | 2006 - 2023 |
| Myanmar (GWh) | 2,000 Jul 2022 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Jul 2022 |
| Nepal (GWh) | 12,071 2024 | yearly | 1975 - 2024 |
| Netherlands (GWh) | 10,667 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1976 - Oct 2025 |
| New Zealand (GWh) | 12,015 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1974 - Sep 2025 |
| Nigeria (GWh) | 10,619 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Jun 2025 |
| Norway (GWh) | 11,426 Jun 2021 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Jun 2021 |
| Oman (GWh) | 3,360 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2009 - Dec 2025 |
| Pakistan (GWh) | 8,506 Mar 2024 | monthly | Nov 1987 - Mar 2024 |
| Panama (GWh) | 1,090 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2016 - Nov 2025 |
| Paraguay (GWh) | 57,626 2011 | yearly | 1971 - 2011 |
| Peru (GWh) | 5,374 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1978 - Nov 2025 |
| Philippines (GWh) | 126,941 2024 | yearly | 1990 - 2024 |
| Poland (GWh) | 15,273 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1993 - Dec 2025 |
| Portugal (GWh) | 4,585 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1991 - Dec 2025 |
| Qatar (GWh) | 6,687 Aug 2024 | monthly | Jan 2014 - Aug 2024 |
| Romania (GWh) | 4,645 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Russia (GWh) | 104,587 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Saudi Arabia (GWh) | 402,628 2024 | yearly | 1970 - 2024 |
| Serbia (GWh) | 44,785 2022 | yearly | 2004 - 2022 |
| Singapore (GWh) | 5,196 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1975 - Oct 2025 |
| Slovakia (GWh) | 2,283 Sep 2025 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Sep 2025 |
| Slovenia (GWh) | 1,356 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 2004 - Dec 2025 |
| South Africa (GWh) | 19,323 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1985 - Oct 2025 |
| Spain (GWh) | 19,802 Apr 2019 | monthly | Jan 1977 - Apr 2019 |
| Sri Lanka (GWh) | 1,407 Nov 2025 | monthly | Aug 1998 - Nov 2025 |
| Sudan (GWh) | 17,563 2021 | yearly | 1992 - 2021 |
| Sweden (GWh) | 15,397 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1974 - Nov 2025 |
| Switzerland (GWh) | 4,962 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1990 - Nov 2025 |
| Syria (GWh) | 41,079 2011 | yearly | 1971 - 2011 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doGermany Key Series
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -2.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -46,923.274 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 289,924.014 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 22.2 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 3,271,285.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Sep 2025 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 62.3 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Jun 2025 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (EUR bn) | 2,707.148 2030 | yearly | 1991 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (EUR bn) | 3,815.153 2030 | yearly | 1991 - 2030 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (EUR bn) | 2,497.167 2030 | yearly | 1991 - 2030 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 2.670 2030 | yearly | 1980 - 2030 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | 15,141.0 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 148,069.5 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | -0.8 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1951 - Nov 2025 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 11,279,159.417 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 70,970,902.063 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 54,214,028.985 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 132,986.3 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 2.6 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1951 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 36,738,204.645 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 41,845,878.903 2024 | yearly | 1995 - 2024 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 14,262.983 Oct 2025 | monthly | Sep 1977 - Oct 2025 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 8,922.776 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jul 1990 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 7,459.434 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 18,138.394 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: SITC: Vehicles, Motorcycles & Bicycles (EUR th) | 12,975,615.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: SITC: Electrical Machinery, TV Image and Sound Reproducing (EUR th) | 14,774,374.000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports: SITC: Machinery and Mechanical Appliances (EUR th) | 22,223,382.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: SITC: Iron & Steel (EUR th) | 2,105,745.000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: SITC: Iron & Steel (EUR th) | 2,040,086.000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports: SITC: Mineral Fuels & Oils, Bituminous Substances (EUR th) | 8,174,804.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: SITC: Vehicles, Motorcycles & Bicycles (EUR th) | 22,761,978.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: SITC: Electrical Machinery, TV Image and Sound Reproducing (EUR th) | 17,985,372.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: SITC: Plastics & Articles Thereof (EUR th) | 5,891,117.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: SITC: Pharmaceutical Products (EUR th) | 6,126,580.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports: SITC: Machinery and Mechanical Appliances (EUR th) | 15,076,653.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports: China (EUR th) | 6,535,998.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports cif (EUR mn) | 121,623.184 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports fob (EUR mn) | 139,173.118 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports fob: YoY (%) | 4.200 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Oct 2025 |
| Imports cif: YoY (%) | 2.700 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2001 - Oct 2025 |
| Exports fob: swda (EUR bn) | 128.110 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Nov 2025 |
| Trade Balance: swda (EUR bn) | 13.060 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Nov 2025 |
| Imports cif: swda (EUR bn) | 113.140 Jan 2025 | monthly | Jan 1950 - Jan 2025 |
| Motor Vehicle Exports: Car (Unit) | 217,900.000 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jul 2000 - Dec 2025 |
| Exports: SITC: Pharmaceutical Products (EUR th) | 9,510,298.000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Nov 2025 |
| Exports Value: HS: Photosensitive Semiconductor Devices, Photovoltaic Cells asse... (EUR th) | 25,537.000 Sep 2025 | monthly | Jan 2021 - Sep 2025 |
| Imports Value: HS: Photosensitive Semiconductor Devices, Light Emitting Diodes (... (EUR th) | 73,359.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2021 - Oct 2025 |
| Balance of Payments | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Investment Abroad (USD mn) | 9,335.5 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1971 - Nov 2025 |
| Current Account Balance (USD mn) | 11,939.4 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1991 - Nov 2025 |
| Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) | 4.1 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) | 10,586.6 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1971 - Nov 2025 |
| Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) | 1.5 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment (USD mn) | 83,492.035 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment: % of GDP (%) | 6.4 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment: Equity Securities (USD mn) | -5,082.3 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities (USD mn) | 88,574.297 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1971 - Sep 2025 |
| External Debt (USD mn) | 7,965,114.8 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Jun 1999 - Sep 2025 |
| External Debt: % of GDP (%) | 147.6 2024 | yearly | 1999 - 2024 |
| External Debt: Short Term (USD mn) | 2,905,517.9 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 2004 - Sep 2025 |
| External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP (%) | 52.5 2024 | yearly | 2004 - 2024 |
| Total Debt: % of GDP (%) | 594.6 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Sep 2025 |
| Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) | 244.728 2030 | yearly | 1980 - 2030 |
| Net International Investment Position (USD mn) | 4,118,779.652 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1957 - Sep 2025 |
| Insolvency (IN): No of Proceedings (NP) (Unit) | 10,200.000 Oct 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Oct 2025 |
| DE: BOP: Net Errors and Omissions (USD mn) | 38,264.366 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| DE: BOP: Financial Account: Portfolio Investment: Net (USD mn) | 34,336.677 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| DE: BOP: Current Account: Personal Remittances: Paid (USD mn) | 23,662.388 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| DE: BOP: Current Account: Personal Remittances: Received (USD mn) | 21,225.006 2024 | yearly | 1971 - 2024 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 1.5 2023 | yearly | 2005 - 2023 |
| Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 49.0 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 3,336,159.983 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2025 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 4,676,307.976 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1969 - Nov 2025 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 3.5 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1970 - Nov 2025 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 1.0 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1999 - Dec 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 37,379.2 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Dec 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 0.704 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 0.3 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2025 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 463,824.326 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1998 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 7,188,745.993 Dec 2025 | monthly | Sep 1997 - Dec 2025 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 2.2 Dec 2025 | monthly | Sep 1998 - Dec 2025 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 0.0 May 2025 | monthly | Jan 1999 - May 2025 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | -100.0 May 2025 | monthly | Jan 2000 - May 2025 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Households (%) | 5.400 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 12.400 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1999 - Jun 2025 |
| Credit to Households (USD bn) | 2,536.840 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1970 - Jun 2025 |
| Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 7,157.690 Jun 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1955 - Jun 2025 |
| Household Debt (USD mn) | 2,543,326.6 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Mar 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 8,686,419.835 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1957 - Nov 2025 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 0.54 Nov 2025 | monthly | Dec 1949 - Nov 2025 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 73.24 Sep 2025 | quarterly | Dec 1991 - Sep 2025 |
| Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | 9.6 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1992 - Dec 2025 |
| Business Climate: Balance: sa: Manufacturing Industry (NA) | -14.776 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1991 - Dec 2025 |
| Business Assessment: Balance: Manufacturing Industry (NA) | -21.200 Dec 2025 | monthly | Jan 1991 - Dec 2025 |
| Economic Expectation Indicator: Germany (%) | 45.800 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1991 - Dec 2025 |
| Current Economic Situation Indicator: Germany: Balance (%) | -81.000 Dec 2025 | monthly | Dec 1991 - Dec 2025 |
| Leading Economic Index (2016=100) | 88.000 Nov 2025 | monthly | Jan 1965 - Nov 2025 |
More Indicators for Germany
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.