Poland Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 55.824 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 53.145 % for 2021. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 19.753 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.824 % in 2022 and a record low of 8.261 % in 2002. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 55.824 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 9.371 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.818 % for 2021. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.503 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.732 % in 2003 and a record low of -51.405 % in 2002. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.371 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 78,847.500 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 72,091.700 FTE for 2021. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 10,629.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 78,847.500 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 4,686.000 FTE in 2002. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 78,847.500 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry
PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 5.497 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.910 Per 1000 for 2020. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 0.921 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.497 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 0.433 Per 1000 in 2002. PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.497 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 24,744.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,846.000 Person for 2020. PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 3,524.500 Person from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,744.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 2,128.000 Person in 2003. PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 24,744.000 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2000 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 102,674.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 85,469.000 Person for 2020. PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 12,611.000 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102,674.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 5,882.000 Person in 2002. PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 102,674.000 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Government Researchers: % of National Total
PL: Government Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 2.325 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.615 % for 2021. PL: Government Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 20.272 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.893 % in 2002 and a record low of 1.838 % in 2019. PL: Government Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.325 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Government Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -7.424 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.612 % for 2021. PL: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 0.812 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.183 % in 2017 and a record low of -28.620 % in 2019. PL: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -7.424 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
PL: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 3,283.500 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,546.800 FTE for 2021. PL: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 11,717.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,688.000 FTE in 2002 and a record low of 2,220.000 FTE in 2019. PL: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3,283.500 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 55.472 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 55.950 % for 2020. PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 41.839 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59.482 % in 2019 and a record low of 39.443 % in 2008. PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 55.472 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2000 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 3,163.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,014.000 Person for 2020. PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 5,954.000 Person from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,877.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 2,312.000 Person in 2016. PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3,163.000 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2000 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 5,702.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,387.000 Person for 2020. PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 13,847.000 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,291.000 Person in 2002 and a record low of 3,973.000 Person in 2016. PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5,702.000 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -5.564 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.308 % for 2021. PL: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -1.138 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.235 % in 2002 and a record low of -26.082 % in 2019. PL: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -5.564 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total
PL: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 41.458 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 43.832 % for 2021. PL: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 59.330 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65.712 % in 2002 and a record low of 41.458 % in 2022. PL: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 41.458 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -1.516 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.348 % for 2021. PL: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.014 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.980 % in 2017 and a record low of -6.912 % in 2006. PL: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -1.516 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
PL: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 58,556.000 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 59,457.600 FTE for 2021. PL: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 38,561.800 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59,947.000 FTE in 2019 and a record low of 26,053.000 FTE in 1994. PL: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 58,556.000 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
PL: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 105,998.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 104,040.000 Person for 2020. PL: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 70,481.500 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112,754.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 46,788.000 Person in 1994. PL: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 105,998.000 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 0.182 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.470 % for 2021. PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.445 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.471 % in 2017 and a record low of -7.210 % in 2006. PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.182 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 74,075.900 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 73,941.000 FTE for 2021. PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 43,478.900 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74,075.900 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 32,745.000 FTE in 1994. PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 74,075.900 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
PL: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 36.236 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.577 % for 2020. PL: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 38.201 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2021, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.883 % in 2007 and a record low of 36.236 % in 2021. PL: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 36.236 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2000 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Number of Researchers: Total
PL: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 215,761.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 196,420.000 Person for 2020. PL: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 97,674.500 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 215,761.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 71,701.000 Person in 1994. PL: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 215,761.000 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Number of Researchers: Total from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 57.100 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 55.441 % for 2020. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 26.796 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.100 % in 2021 and a record low of 11.153 % in 2002. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 57.100 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 9.400 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.075 % for 2021. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.898 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.554 % in 2010 and a record low of -50.802 % in 2002. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.400 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 115,761.400 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 105,814.400 FTE for 2021. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 23,181.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115,761.400 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 8,500.000 FTE in 2002. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 115,761.400 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry
PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 8.068 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.452 Per 1000 for 2020. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 1.897 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.068 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 0.786 Per 1000 in 2002. PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.068 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
View Poland's PL: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:
PL: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
PL: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.446 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.279 % for 2022. PL: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.325 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.906 % in 2017 and a record low of -4.180 % in 2000. PL: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.279 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
PL: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 195,095.600 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 185,313.400 FTE for 2021. PL: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 83,590.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 195,095.600 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 73,554.300 FTE in 2006. PL: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 195,095.600 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Poland's PL: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
PL: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment
PL: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 8.084 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.067 Per 1000 for 2021. PL: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 4.197 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.084 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 3.274 Per 1000 in 1994. PL: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Poland – Table PL.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Poland, in 2016, some units previously classified in the Government sector were reallocated to the Business sector. From 2013, improvements in R&D surveys enable the distribution of all expenditure by type of R&D, leading to a break in basic research series.
From reference year 2019 onwards, GBARD for GUF is derived from the Higher Education R&D survey, in which units now report on subsidies received from the ministry responsible for science and higher education, whereas these estimates came directly from this ministry before 2019. GBARD data exclude European Commission funds since 2012.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.084 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |