Italy Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
IT: BERD Financed: Business Sector
IT: BERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 85.843 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 82.261 % for 2020. IT: BERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 79.550 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 86.933 % in 1981 and a record low of 67.870 % in 1986. IT: BERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 85.843 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors
IT: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data was reported at 0.277 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.158 % for 2020. IT: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.168 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.397 % in 2012 and a record low of 0.000 % in 1985. IT: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.277 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Financed: Rest of The World
IT: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 9.494 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.871 % for 2020. IT: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 9.568 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.645 % in 2007 and a record low of 4.264 % in 1981. IT: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.494 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry
IT: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data was reported at 7.756 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.886 % for 2020. IT: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 8.898 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.302 % in 1993 and a record low of 5.681 % in 2015. IT: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.756 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry
IT: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data was reported at 7.570 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.091 % for 2020. IT: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 14.676 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.856 % in 1995 and a record low of 6.575 % in 2019. IT: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.570 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry
IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data was reported at 1.918 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.735 USD bn for 2020. IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 1.577 USD bn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.918 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 1.371 USD bn in 1998. IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,918.149 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries
IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data was reported at 7.196 USD bn in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.330 USD bn for 2020. IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 2.646 USD bn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.098 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 584.242 USD mn in 1991. IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7,196.308 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry
IT: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 4.942 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.878 % for 2020. IT: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 5.211 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.127 % in 1992 and a record low of 3.828 % in 2018. IT: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.942 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD Performed: Service Industries
IT: BERD Performed: Service Industries data was reported at 28.400 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 29.965 % for 2020. IT: BERD Performed: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 25.896 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.597 % in 2019 and a record low of 8.266 % in 1991. IT: BERD Performed: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 28.400 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD Performed: Service Industries from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD: % of GDP
IT: BERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.774 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.859 % for 2021. IT: BERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.619 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.931 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.467 % in 1981. IT: BERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.774 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: BERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: BERD: % of Value Added
IT: BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 1.422 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.528 % for 2020. IT: BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 0.904 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.528 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.626 % in 1981. IT: BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately. 2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.422 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: BERD: % of Value Added from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
IT: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -6.291 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.108 % for 2021. IT: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.883 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.396 % in 1985 and a record low of -9.229 % in 1993. IT: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -6.291 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: BERD: PPP: 2015p
IT: BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 18.567 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 19.814 USD bn for 2021. IT: BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 12.159 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.610 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 7.066 USD bn in 1981. IT: BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 18,567.034 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: BERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD)
IT: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 15,189.119 EUR mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15,644.906 EUR mn for 2021. IT: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 6,819.950 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,589.218 EUR mn in 2019 and a record low of 1,180.683 EUR mn in 1981. IT: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15,189.119 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added
IT: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 1.220 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.257 % for 2020. IT: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 0.676 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.274 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.544 % in 1981. IT: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately. 2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.220 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
IT: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 4.241 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -11.643 % for 2020. IT: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.328 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2021, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.153 % in 1985 and a record low of -12.029 % in 1993. IT: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.241 2021 | yearly | 1982 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p
IT: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 17.008 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.317 USD bn for 2020. IT: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 9.499 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.467 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 6.104 USD bn in 1983. IT: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 17,008.473 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |