Turkey Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
TR: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP
TR: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data was reported at 0.841 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.796 % for 2013. TR: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.812 % from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2014, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.841 % in 2014 and a record low of 0.796 % in 2013. TR: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.841 2014 | yearly | 2012 - 2014 |
View Turkey's TR: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP from 2012 to 2014 in the chart:
TR: GERD Financed: Government
TR: GERD Financed: Government data was reported at 32.832 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 27.454 % for 2021. TR: GERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 47.712 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 71.416 % in 1990 and a record low of 27.454 % in 2021. TR: GERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 32.832 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD Financed: Government from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors
TR: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data was reported at 15.673 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.450 % for 2021. TR: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 6.591 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.600 % in 2017 and a record low of 0.941 % in 1990. TR: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15.673 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD Financed: Rest of The World
TR: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 1.608 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.330 % for 2022. TR: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 1.534 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.799 % in 1999 and a record low of 0.009 % in 1996. TR: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.330 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD Performed: Government Sector
TR: GERD Performed: Government Sector data was reported at 4.814 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.505 % for 2021. TR: GERD Performed: Government Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 8.651 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.569 % in 2009 and a record low of 4.505 % in 2021. TR: GERD Performed: Government Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.814 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD Performed: Government Sector from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector
TR: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 33.764 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 34.160 % for 2021. TR: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 51.297 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 71.053 % in 1991 and a record low of 33.764 % in 2022. TR: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 33.764 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD: % of GDP
TR: GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.323 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.402 % for 2021. TR: GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.564 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.402 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.236 % in 1990. TR: GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.323 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD: % of GDP from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
TR: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 12.959 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.388 % for 2022. TR: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 9.976 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 64.343 % in 1991 and a record low of -22.780 % in 1994. TR: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -0.388 2022 | yearly | 1991 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1991 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD: Current PPP
TR: GERD: Current PPP data was reported at 43.136 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 37.327 USD bn for 2021. TR: GERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 5.227 USD bn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.136 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 1.076 USD bn in 1990. TR: GERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 43,135.978 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD: Current PPP from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GERD: PPP: 2015p
TR: GERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 36.987 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 37.131 USD bn for 2021. TR: GERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 7.271 USD bn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37.131 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 1.587 USD bn in 1990. TR: GERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 36,986.659 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GERD: PPP: 2015p from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector
TR: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 4.496 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.278 % for 2021. TR: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 2.603 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.561 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.337 % in 1991. TR: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.496 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GOVERD: % of GDP
TR: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.064 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.063 % for 2021. TR: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.064 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.101 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.020 % in 1995. TR: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.064 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GOVERD: % of GDP from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
TR: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 6.427 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -4.380 % for 2021. TR: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.177 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2022, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 105.299 % in 1996 and a record low of -32.733 % in 1994. TR: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6.427 2022 | yearly | 1991 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1991 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GOVERD: Current PPP
TR: GOVERD: Current PPP data was reported at 2.076 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.682 USD bn for 2021. TR: GOVERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 610.355 USD mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.180 USD bn in 2018 and a record low of 105.898 USD mn in 1990. TR: GOVERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2,076.372 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GOVERD: Current PPP from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p
TR: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 1.780 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.673 USD bn for 2021. TR: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 849.055 USD mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.190 USD bn in 2018 and a record low of 156.224 USD mn in 1990. TR: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,780.371 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP
TR: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.471 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.435 % for 2022. TR: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.286 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.471 % in 2023 and a record low of 0.159 % in 1994. TR: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.435 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
TR: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 198,669.744 TRY mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 101,737.888 TRY mn for 2021. TR: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 4,399.881 TRY mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 198,669.744 TRY mn in 2022 and a record low of 1.276 TRY mn in 1990. TR: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 198,669.744 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: HERD Financed: Business Sector
TR: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 0.175 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.765 % for 2021. TR: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 10.440 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.836 % in 2006 and a record low of 0.175 % in 2022. TR: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.175 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: HERD Financed: Business Sector from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
TR: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -1.544 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.488 % for 2021. TR: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.222 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67.287 % in 1991 and a record low of -23.364 % in 1994. TR: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -1.544 2022 | yearly | 1991 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1991 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: HERD: Current PPP
TR: HERD: Current PPP data was reported at 14.564 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.751 USD bn for 2021. TR: HERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.681 USD bn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.564 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 751.092 USD mn in 1990. TR: HERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14,564.409 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: HERD: Current PPP from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: HERD: PPP: 2015p
TR: HERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 12.488 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.684 USD bn for 2021. TR: HERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 3.806 USD bn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.684 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 1.108 USD bn in 1990. TR: HERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 12,488.156 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
View Turkey's TR: HERD: PPP: 2015p from 1990 to 2022 in the chart:
TR: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD)
TR: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 67,078.749 TRY mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 34,754.109 TRY mn for 2021. TR: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 2,256.990 TRY mn from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67,078.749 TRY mn in 2022 and a record low of 0.890 TRY mn in 1990. TR: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
Before 2016, total R&D personnel data for Türkiye are underestimated because personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. From 2008, universities’ own R&D funds are included in funding from the Higher education whereas they were previously distributed into the other funding categories.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 67,078.749 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |