Turkey Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose
Consumer Price Index (CPI): Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco
CPI: Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco data was reported at 4,576.590 2003=100 in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,579.450 2003=100 for Mar 2025. CPI: Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco data is updated monthly, averaging 412.300 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,579.450 2003=100 in Mar 2025 and a record low of 89.830 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4,164.840 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2025 |
View Turkey's Consumer Price Index (CPI): Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco from Jan 2003 to Feb 2025 in the chart:
Consumer Price Index (CPI): Communications
CPI: Communications data was reported at 498.460 2003=100 in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 493.840 2003=100 for Mar 2025. CPI: Communications data is updated monthly, averaging 122.775 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 498.460 2003=100 in Apr 2025 and a record low of 96.091 2003=100 in Feb 2003. CPI: Communications data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 492.020 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2025 |
View Turkey's Consumer Price Index (CPI): Communications from Jan 2003 to Feb 2025 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Education: Unclassified
CPI: Education: Unclassified data was reported at 258.290 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 257.780 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: Education: Unclassified data is updated monthly, averaging 156.450 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 259.070 2003=100 in Sep 2018 and a record low of 96.298 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Education: Unclassified data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 244.78 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Education: Unclassified from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Furniture, Furnishing
CPI: HH: Furniture, Furnishing data was reported at 367.710 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 398.240 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: HH: Furniture, Furnishing data is updated monthly, averaging 158.890 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 400.000 2003=100 in Sep 2018 and a record low of 95.344 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: HH: Furniture, Furnishing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 341.01 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Furniture, Furnishing from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Glassware, Tableware and Others
CPI: HH: Glassware, Tableware and Others data was reported at 396.150 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 388.640 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: HH: Glassware, Tableware and Others data is updated monthly, averaging 163.100 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 396.150 2003=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 95.904 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: HH: Glassware, Tableware and Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 327.51 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Glassware, Tableware and Others from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Goods and Services for Routine Maintenance
CPI: HH: Goods and Services for Routine Maintenance data was reported at 327.360 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 321.680 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: HH: Goods and Services for Routine Maintenance data is updated monthly, averaging 149.600 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 327.360 2003=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 95.699 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: HH: Goods and Services for Routine Maintenance data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 276.54 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Goods and Services for Routine Maintenance from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Household Appliances
CPI: HH: Household Appliances data was reported at 275.880 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 286.220 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: HH: Household Appliances data is updated monthly, averaging 124.600 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 286.220 2003=100 in Oct 2018 and a record low of 89.381 2003=100 in Jul 2004. CPI: HH: Household Appliances data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 225.29 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Household Appliances from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Household Textiles
CPI: HH: Household Textiles data was reported at 353.280 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 352.050 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: HH: Household Textiles data is updated monthly, averaging 142.280 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 353.280 2003=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 96.326 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: HH: Household Textiles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 278.34 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Household Textiles from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Tools & Equip For House and Garden
CPI: HH: Tools & Equip For House and Garden data was reported at 405.730 2003=100 in Nov 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 393.270 2003=100 for Oct 2018. CPI: HH: Tools & Equip For House and Garden data is updated monthly, averaging 174.130 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 191 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 405.730 2003=100 in Nov 2018 and a record low of 96.964 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: HH: Tools & Equip For House and Garden data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 321.83 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): HH: Tools & Equip For House and Garden from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Consumer Price Index (CPI): Household Equip & Routine House Maintenance (HH)
CPI: Household Equip & Routine House Maintenance (HH) data was reported at 2,639.440 2003=100 in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,571.630 2003=100 for Mar 2025. CPI: Household Equip & Routine House Maintenance (HH) data is updated monthly, averaging 186.195 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,639.440 2003=100 in Apr 2025 and a record low of 95.769 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Household Equip & Routine House Maintenance (HH) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2,513.400 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2025 |
View Turkey's Consumer Price Index (CPI): Household Equip & Routine House Maintenance (HH) from Jan 2003 to Feb 2025 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services
CPI: Misc Goods & Services data was reported at 439.780 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 437.230 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services data is updated monthly, averaging 193.820 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 439.780 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 97.595 2003=100 in Jul 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 439.78 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Financial Services nec
CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Financial Services nec data was reported at 609.290 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 591.050 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Financial Services nec data is updated monthly, averaging 230.600 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 609.290 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 100.000 2003=100 in Dec 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Financial Services nec data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 609.29 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Financial Services nec from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Insurance
CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Insurance data was reported at 466.590 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 459.510 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Insurance data is updated monthly, averaging 176.740 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 474.910 2003=100 in Feb 2017 and a record low of 98.869 2003=100 in Feb 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Insurance data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 466.59 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Insurance from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Other Personal Care Products nec
CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Other Personal Care Products nec data was reported at 864.540 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 869.560 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Other Personal Care Products nec data is updated monthly, averaging 305.160 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 869.560 2003=100 in Jun 2018 and a record low of 94.555 2003=100 in Jul 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Other Personal Care Products nec data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 864.54 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Other Personal Care Products nec from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Other Services nec
CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Other Services nec data was reported at 457.850 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 457.570 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Other Services nec data is updated monthly, averaging 230.450 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 457.850 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 94.720 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Other Services nec data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 457.85 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Other Services nec from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Personal Care
CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Personal Care data was reported at 288.320 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 284.230 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Personal Care data is updated monthly, averaging 144.260 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 288.320 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 95.009 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Personal Care data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 288.32 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Personal Care from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Social Protection
CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Social Protection data was reported at 399.600 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 397.700 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Social Protection data is updated monthly, averaging 213.680 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 399.600 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 90.839 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Misc Goods & Services: Social Protection data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 399.60 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): Misc Goods & Services: Social Protection from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): RC: Audio Visual, Photographic & Info Process Equip
CPI: RC: Audio Visual, Photographic & Info Process Equip data was reported at 76.390 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 75.970 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: RC: Audio Visual, Photographic & Info Process Equip data is updated monthly, averaging 74.140 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 105.320 2003=100 in Jun 2005 and a record low of 60.540 2003=100 in Dec 2014. CPI: RC: Audio Visual, Photographic & Info Process Equip data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 76.39 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): RC: Audio Visual, Photographic & Info Process Equip from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): RC: Other Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets
CPI: RC: Other Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets data was reported at 372.100 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 365.700 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: RC: Other Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets data is updated monthly, averaging 186.000 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 372.100 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 96.707 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: RC: Other Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 372.10 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): RC: Other Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Consumer Price Index (CPI): Recreation & Culture (RC)
CPI: Recreation & Culture (RC) data was reported at 1,457.550 2003=100 in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,437.880 2003=100 for Mar 2025. CPI: Recreation & Culture (RC) data is updated monthly, averaging 168.540 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,457.550 2003=100 in Apr 2025 and a record low of 97.238 2003=100 in Feb 2003. CPI: Recreation & Culture (RC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,406.770 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2025 |
View Turkey's Consumer Price Index (CPI): Recreation & Culture (RC) from Jan 2003 to Feb 2025 in the chart:
Consumer Price Index (CPI): Transport
CPI: Transport data was reported at 3,044.610 2003=100 in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,933.180 2003=100 for Mar 2025. CPI: Transport data is updated monthly, averaging 231.565 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,044.610 2003=100 in Apr 2025 and a record low of 94.605 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: Transport data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2,925.790 Feb 2025 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2025 |
View Turkey's Consumer Price Index (CPI): Transport from Jan 2003 to Feb 2025 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Dwelling Maintenance & Repair
CPI: WE: Dwelling Maintenance & Repair data was reported at 341.600 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 335.040 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: WE: Dwelling Maintenance & Repair data is updated monthly, averaging 154.500 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 341.600 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 97.149 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: WE: Dwelling Maintenance & Repair data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 341.60 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Dwelling Maintenance & Repair from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Dwelling's Water Supply Services and Others
CPI: WE: Dwelling's Water Supply Services and Others data was reported at 371.720 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 366.330 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: WE: Dwelling's Water Supply Services and Others data is updated monthly, averaging 183.440 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 371.720 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 92.896 2003=100 in Jan 2003. CPI: WE: Dwelling's Water Supply Services and Others data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 371.72 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |
View Turkey's Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Dwelling's Water Supply Services and Others from Jan 2003 to Jul 2018 in the chart:
Turkey Consumer Price Index (CPI): WE: Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels
CPI: WE: Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels data was reported at 357.870 2003=100 in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 355.710 2003=100 for Jun 2018. CPI: WE: Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels data is updated monthly, averaging 203.090 2003=100 from Jan 2003 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 187 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 357.870 2003=100 in Jul 2018 and a record low of 98.935 2003=100 in Aug 2003. CPI: WE: Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Turkish Statistical Institute. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.I003: Consumer Price Index: 2003=100: by Purpose.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 357.87 Jul 2018 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Jul 2018 |