South Africa ZA: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry

South Africa ZA: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 0.973 Per 1000 in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.758 Per 1000 for 2019. South Africa ZA: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 1.068 Per 1000 from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2020, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.260 Per 1000 in 2005 and a record low of 0.674 Per 1000 in 2001. South Africa ZA: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In SouthAfrica. the 2001/02 R&D Survey was aimed at establishing a new baseline of official R&D surveys based on the Frascati Manual methodology. Data are comparable at the sector level and beginning with the 2001 data, comparable at the detail level.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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