Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry

Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 4.433 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.281 Per 1000 for 2020. Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 2.702 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2021, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.478 Per 1000 in 1997 and a record low of 1.518 Per 1000 in 2009. Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. For the SlovakRepublic, data before 1994 refer to the Research and Development Base (RDB) and cover the whole activity of institutions and not only R&D. Defence R&D was totally excluded until 1997 and only partially included thereafter.Since 2002, a new budget classification compatible with COFOG enables the identification of government budget allocations for defence R&D. The defence category includes R&D allocations for defence, safety, and security of the country.  For earlier years, defence R&D was included in the GBARD total.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

View Slovakia's Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry from 1994 to 2021 in the chart:

max 1y 5y 10y bar line area spline areaspline column Apply Get this data

There is no data available for your selected dates.

max 1y 5y 10y bar line area spline areaspline column Apply Get this data

There is no data available for your selected dates.

What was Slovakia's Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry in 2021?

Related Indicators for Slovakia SK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry

Slovakia Key Series

More Indicators for Slovakia