Singapore Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual
SG: BERD Financed: Government
SG: BERD Financed: Government data was reported at 2.242 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.257 % for 2021. SG: BERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 6.142 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.044 % in 1999 and a record low of 2.242 % in 2022. SG: BERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.467 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Financed: Government from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: BERD Financed: Rest of The World
SG: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 7.550 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.479 % for 2021. SG: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 7.698 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.575 % in 2002 and a record low of 3.242 % in 1996. SG: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6.229 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry
SG: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data was reported at 34.536 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 40.993 % for 2012. SG: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 49.139 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2013, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61.183 % in 2008 and a record low of 31.654 % in 2011. SG: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 34.536 2013 | yearly | 1994 - 2013 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry from 1994 to 2013 in the chart:
SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry
SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data was reported at 1.810 USD bn in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.141 USD bn for 2012. SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 1.365 USD bn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2013, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.748 USD bn in 2008 and a record low of 383.274 USD mn in 1994. SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,808.045 2013 | yearly | 1994 - 2013 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry from 1994 to 2013 in the chart:
SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry
SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 143.182 USD mn in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 159.444 USD mn for 2012. SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 51.142 USD mn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2013, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 302.526 USD mn in 2006 and a record low of 6.338 USD mn in 1996. SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 143.033 2013 | yearly | 1994 - 2013 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1994 to 2013 in the chart:
SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries
SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data was reported at 2.206 USD bn in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.065 USD bn for 2012. SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 847.016 USD mn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2013, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.852 USD bn in 2011 and a record low of 122.286 USD mn in 1995. SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2,203.919 2013 | yearly | 1994 - 2013 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries from 1994 to 2013 in the chart:
SG: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry
SG: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 2.732 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.053 % for 2012. SG: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 2.127 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2013, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.695 % in 2006 and a record low of 0.561 % in 1996. SG: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.732 2013 | yearly | 1994 - 2013 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1994 to 2013 in the chart:
SG: BERD Performed: Service Industries
SG: BERD Performed: Service Industries data was reported at 42.098 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 39.538 % for 2012. SG: BERD Performed: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 25.809 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2013, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.180 % in 2011 and a record low of 13.897 % in 1996. SG: BERD Performed: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 42.098 2013 | yearly | 1994 - 2013 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD Performed: Service Industries from 1994 to 2013 in the chart:
SG: BERD: % of GDP
SG: BERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.185 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.248 % for 2021. SG: BERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.201 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.864 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.654 % in 1994. SG: BERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.372 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD: % of GDP from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: BERD: % of Value Added
SG: BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 1.660 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.401 % for 2019. SG: BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 1.482 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.249 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.800 % in 1994. SG: BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off' from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres' category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.660 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD: % of Value Added from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -1.418 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.044 % for 2021. SG: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 7.817 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.688 % in 1996 and a record low of -29.816 % in 2009. SG: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14.559 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: BERD: Current PPP
SG: BERD: Current PPP data was reported at 9.477 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.973 USD bn for 2021. SG: BERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 4.403 USD bn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.477 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 739.304 USD mn in 1994. SG: BERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7,902.116 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: BERD: Current PPP from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -0.408 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.004 % for 2021. SG: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 8.116 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.381 % in 1996 and a record low of -33.830 % in 2009. SG: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 16.469 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p
SG: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 6.449 USD bn in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.537 USD bn for 2019. SG: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 3.706 USD bn from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.449 USD bn in 2020 and a record low of 959.823 USD mn in 1994. SG: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6,449.423 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |