Saudi Arabia Defense and Official Development Assistance
Saudi Arabia SA: Armed Forces Personnel: % of Total Labour Force
SA: Armed Forces Personnel: % of Total Labour Force data was reported at 1.872 % in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.936 % for 2015. SA: Armed Forces Personnel: % of Total Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 2.894 % from Dec 1990 to 2016, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.671 % in 1991 and a record low of 1.872 % in 2016. SA: Armed Forces Personnel: % of Total Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.; ; International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; Weighted average; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.87 2016 | yearly | 1990 - 2016 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Armed Forces Personnel: % of Total Labour Force from 1990 to 2016 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Armed Forces Personnel: Total
SA: Armed Forces Personnel: Total data was reported at 251,500.000 Person in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 251,500.000 Person for 2015. SA: Armed Forces Personnel: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 215,000.000 Person from Dec 1985 to 2016, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 251,500.000 Person in 2016 and a record low of 62,500.000 Person in 1985. SA: Armed Forces Personnel: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces.; ; International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; Sum; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 251,500.00 2016 | yearly | 1985 - 2016 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Armed Forces Personnel: Total from 1985 to 2016 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Arms Exports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV)
SA: Arms Exports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) data was reported at 62,000,000.000 TIV in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,000,000.000 TIV for 2010. SA: Arms Exports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) data is updated yearly, averaging 4,000,000.000 TIV from Dec 1967 to 2011, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 62,000,000.000 TIV in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 TIV in 1976. SA: Arms Exports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services. Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in US$ m. at constant (1990) prices. A '0' indicates that the value of deliveries is less than US$0.5m; ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Arms Transfers Programme (http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/transfer/splash).; Sum; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 62,000,000.00 2011 | yearly | 1967 - 2011 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Arms Exports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) from 1967 to 2011 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Arms Imports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV)
SA: Arms Imports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) data was reported at 4,111,000,000.000 TIV in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,986,000,000.000 TIV for 2016. SA: Arms Imports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) data is updated yearly, averaging 946,000,000.000 TIV from Dec 1960 to 2017, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,111,000,000.000 TIV in 2017 and a record low of 5,000,000.000 TIV in 1964. SA: Arms Imports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Arms transfers cover the supply of military weapons through sales, aid, gifts, and those made through manufacturing licenses. Data cover major conventional weapons such as aircraft, armored vehicles, artillery, radar systems, missiles, and ships designed for military use. Excluded are transfers of other military equipment such as small arms and light weapons, trucks, small artillery, ammunition, support equipment, technology transfers, and other services. Figures are SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIVs) expressed in US$ m. at constant (1990) prices. A '0' indicates that the value of deliveries is less than US$0.5m.; ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Arms Transfers Programme (http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/transfer/splash).; Sum; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4,111,000,000.00 2017 | yearly | 1960 - 2017 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Arms Imports: SIPRI Trend Indicator Values (TIV) from 1960 to 2017 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure
SA: Military Expenditure data was reported at 260,300.000 SAR mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 238,773.000 SAR mn for 2016. SA: Military Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 62,824.000 SAR mn from Dec 1960 to 2017, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 326,947.000 SAR mn in 2015 and a record low of 322.000 SAR mn in 1961. SA: Military Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.); ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; ; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates. For additional details please refer to the military expenditure database on the SIPRI website: https://sipri.org/databases/milex
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 260,300.00 2017 | yearly | 1960 - 2017 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure from 1960 to 2017 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure as % of Central Government Expenditure
SA: Military Expenditure as % of Central Government Expenditure data was reported at 30.423 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 25.523 % for 2016. SA: Military Expenditure as % of Central Government Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 28.005 % from Dec 1990 to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.161 % in 1998 and a record low of 21.730 % in 2011. SA: Military Expenditure as % of Central Government Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.); ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; Weighted average; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 30.42 2017 | yearly | 1990 - 2017 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure as % of Central Government Expenditure from 1990 to 2017 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure as % of General Government Expenditure
SA: Military Expenditure as % of General Government Expenditure data was reported at 30.423 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 25.523 % for 2016. SA: Military Expenditure as % of General Government Expenditure data is updated yearly, averaging 28.005 % from Dec 1990 to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.161 % in 1998 and a record low of 21.730 % in 2011. SA: Military Expenditure as % of General Government Expenditure data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.); ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; Weighted average; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 30.423 2017 | yearly | 1990 - 2017 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure as % of General Government Expenditure from 1990 to 2017 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure: % of GDP
SA: Military Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 10.289 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.906 % for 2016. SA: Military Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 10.645 % from Dec 1963 to 2017, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.004 % in 1984 and a record low of 5.903 % in 1963. SA: Military Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.); ; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.; Weighted average; Data for some countries are based on partial or uncertain data or rough estimates.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10.15 2017 | yearly | 1968 - 2017 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Military Expenditure: % of GDP from 1968 to 2017 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2014 Price
SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2014 Price data was reported at 0.310 USD mn in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.730 USD mn for 2008. SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2014 Price data is updated yearly, averaging 0.520 USD mn from Dec 2008 to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.730 USD mn in 2008 and a record low of 0.310 USD mn in 2009. SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2014 Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in constant 2014 U.S. dollars.; ; Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.; Sum;
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.31 2009 | yearly | 2008 - 2009 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2014 Price from 2008 to 2009 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2016 Price
SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2016 Price data was reported at 0.270 USD mn in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.650 USD mn for 2008. SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2016 Price data is updated yearly, averaging 0.460 USD mn from Dec 2008 to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.650 USD mn in 2008 and a record low of 0.270 USD mn in 2009. SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2016 Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in constant 2016 U.S. dollars.; ; Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.; Sum;
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.270 2009 | yearly | 2008 - 2009 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Aid Received: 2016 Price from 2008 to 2009 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Aid Received: Current Price
SA: Net Official Aid Received: Current Price data was reported at 0.290 USD mn in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.710 USD mn for 2008. SA: Net Official Aid Received: Current Price data is updated yearly, averaging 0.500 USD mn from Dec 2008 to 2009, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.710 USD mn in 2008 and a record low of 0.290 USD mn in 2009. SA: Net Official Aid Received: Current Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.; Sum;
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.29 2009 | yearly | 2008 - 2009 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Aid Received: Current Price from 2008 to 2009 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2013 Price
SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2013 Price data was reported at 0.270 USD mn in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.650 USD mn for 2008. SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2013 Price data is updated yearly, averaging 16.210 USD mn from Dec 1960 to 2009, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114.390 USD mn in 1982 and a record low of -124.520 USD mn in 2007. SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2013 Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Net official development assistance (ODA) consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in constant 2013 U.S. dollars.; ; Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.; Sum;
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.27 2009 | yearly | 1960 - 2009 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2013 Price from 1960 to 2009 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2016 Price
SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2016 Price data was reported at 0.270 USD mn in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.650 USD mn for 2008. SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2016 Price data is updated yearly, averaging 16.510 USD mn from Dec 1960 to 2009, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 108.360 USD mn in 1982 and a record low of -143.320 USD mn in 2007. SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2016 Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Net official development assistance (ODA) consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in constant 2016 U.S. dollars.; ; Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.; Sum;
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.270 2009 | yearly | 1960 - 2009 |
View Saudi Arabia's Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: 2016 Price from 1960 to 2009 in the chart:
Saudi Arabia SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: Current Price
SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: Current Price data was reported at 0.290 USD mn in 2009. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.710 USD mn for 2008. SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: Current Price data is updated yearly, averaging 12.970 USD mn from Dec 1960 to 2009, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.810 USD mn in 1992 and a record low of -131.070 USD mn in 2007. SA: Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received: Current Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank: Defense and Official Development Assistance. Net official development assistance (ODA) consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). Net official aid refers to aid flows (net of repayments) from official donors to countries and territories in part II of the DAC list of recipients: more advanced countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the countries of the former Soviet Union, and certain advanced developing countries and territories. Official aid is provided under terms and conditions similar to those for ODA. Part II of the DAC List was abolished in 2005. The collection of data on official aid and other resource flows to Part II countries ended with 2004 data. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at: www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.; Sum;
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.29 2009 | yearly | 1960 - 2009 |