Romania Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual
RO: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP
RO: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 0.091 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.089 % for 2021. RO: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.096 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.273 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.057 % in 2000. RO: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.089 2021 | yearly | 1993 - 2021 |
View Romania's RO: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP from 1993 to 2021 in the chart:
RO: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP
RO: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.260 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.260 % for 2021. RO: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.184 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.303 % in 1997 and a record low of 0.121 % in 2013. RO: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.261 2021 | yearly | 1993 - 2021 |
View Romania's RO: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1993 to 2021 in the chart:
RO: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector
RO: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 56.244 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 55.172 % for 2021. RO: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 41.564 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.076 % in 2018 and a record low of 23.263 % in 2008. RO: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 55.172 2021 | yearly | 1993 - 2021 |
View Romania's RO: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1993 to 2021 in the chart:
RO: GERD Financed: Government
RO: GERD Financed: Government data was reported at 30.898 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 31.646 % for 2021. RO: GERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 48.793 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.098 % in 2008 and a record low of 30.898 % in 2022. RO: GERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 31.646 2021 | yearly | 1993 - 2021 |
View Romania's RO: GERD Financed: Government from 1993 to 2021 in the chart:
RO: GERD Financed: Rest of The World
RO: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 12.269 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.563 % for 2021. RO: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 7.484 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.227 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.581 % in 1993. RO: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 12.563 2021 | yearly | 1993 - 2021 |
View Romania's RO: GERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1993 to 2021 in the chart:
RO: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector
RO: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 61.667 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 62.181 % for 2022. RO: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 58.180 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 84.045 % in 1994 and a record low of 29.959 % in 2008. RO: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 62.181 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GERD Performed: Government Sector
RO: GERD Performed: Government Sector data was reported at 26.491 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 27.923 % for 2022. RO: GERD Performed: Government Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 31.934 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 49.228 % in 2013 and a record low of 14.065 % in 1994. RO: GERD Performed: Government Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 27.923 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GERD Performed: Government Sector from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector
RO: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 11.040 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.586 % for 2022. RO: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 11.040 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.852 % in 2008 and a record low of 1.890 % in 1994. RO: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.586 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RO: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 1.124 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.292 % for 2021. RO: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.922 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.747 % in 2015 and a record low of -24.032 % in 2009. RO: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.124 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GERD: PPP: 2015p
RO: GERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 2.554 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.525 USD bn for 2021. RO: GERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 1.761 USD bn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2022, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.554 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 904.356 USD mn in 2000. RO: GERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2,553.874 2022 | yearly | 1991 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GERD: PPP: 2015p from 1991 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GOVERD: % of GDP
RO: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.137 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.129 % for 2022. RO: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.151 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.226 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.069 % in 2000. RO: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.128 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GOVERD: % of GDP from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RO: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 8.451 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -5.082 % for 2022. RO: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.301 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61.714 % in 2001 and a record low of -44.815 % in 1997. RO: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -6.012 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GOVERD: Current PPP
RO: GOVERD: Current PPP data was reported at 1.274 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.090 USD bn for 2022. RO: GOVERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 524.941 USD mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.274 USD bn in 2023 and a record low of 90.465 USD mn in 2000. RO: GOVERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,048.816 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GOVERD: Current PPP from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p
RO: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 713.124 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 758.741 USD mn for 2021. RO: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 607.817 USD mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 930.206 USD mn in 2008 and a record low of 170.170 USD mn in 2000. RO: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 713.124 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD)
RO: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data was reported at 2,195.685 RON mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,795.324 RON mn for 2022. RO: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 822.725 RON mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,195.685 RON mn in 2023 and a record low of 3.228 RON mn in 1993. RO: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,795.324 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: HERD Financed: Business Sector
RO: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 5.769 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.921 % for 2021. RO: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 6.135 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.063 % in 1993 and a record low of 2.488 % in 2008. RO: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.921 2021 | yearly | 1993 - 2021 |
View Romania's RO: HERD Financed: Business Sector from 1993 to 2021 in the chart:
RO: HERD: % of GDP
RO: HERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.057 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.044 % for 2022. RO: HERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.049 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.159 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.014 % in 1994. RO: HERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.044 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: HERD: % of GDP from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RO: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 31.649 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.736 % for 2022. RO: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 7.401 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2023, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.342 % in 2007 and a record low of -34.868 % in 2009. RO: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.690 2022 | yearly | 1994 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1994 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: HERD: Current PPP
RO: HERD: Current PPP data was reported at 531.009 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 374.335 USD mn for 2022. RO: HERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 260.440 USD mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 549.089 USD mn in 2008 and a record low of 16.608 USD mn in 1994. RO: HERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 360.062 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: HERD: Current PPP from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: HERD: PPP: 2015p
RO: HERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 244.818 USD mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 231.638 USD mn for 2021. RO: HERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 236.592 USD mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 655.289 USD mn in 2008 and a record low of 32.323 USD mn in 1994. RO: HERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 244.818 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |
View Romania's RO: HERD: PPP: 2015p from 1993 to 2022 in the chart:
RO: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD)
RO: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 915.021 RON mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 616.341 RON mn for 2022. RO: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 415.902 RON mn from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2023, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 915.021 RON mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.430 RON mn in 1993. RO: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Romania, in 2011, R&D questionnaires were redesigned for all sectors (and merged with the Community Innovation Survey in the case of the business enterprise sector). This had an impact on the number of researchers in both the higher education and business enterprise sectors.
In 2013, a change in methodology for the allocation of GBARD data by socio-economic objectives has resulted in a break in series.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 616.341 2022 | yearly | 1993 - 2022 |