Italy Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
IT: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP
IT: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 0.335 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.334 % for 2020. IT: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.289 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.335 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.105 % in 1981. IT: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.335 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP
IT: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.769 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.796 % for 2020. IT: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.522 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.818 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.390 % in 1995. IT: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.769 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors
IT: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data was reported at 2.136 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.178 % for 2020. IT: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 2.624 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.348 % in 2006 and a record low of 0.000 % in 1985. IT: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.136 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: GERD Financed: Rest of The World
IT: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 8.804 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.284 % for 2020. IT: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 7.949 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.728 % in 2017 and a record low of 2.539 % in 1983. IT: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.804 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: GERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector
IT: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 58.611 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 60.193 % for 2021. IT: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 55.259 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63.174 % in 2019 and a record low of 47.254 % in 2003. IT: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 58.611 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD Performed: Government Sector
IT: GERD Performed: Government Sector data was reported at 14.794 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.963 % for 2021. IT: GERD Performed: Government Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 18.108 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.719 % in 1981 and a record low of 12.350 % in 2017. IT: GERD Performed: Government Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14.794 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD Performed: Government Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector
IT: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 24.641 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 23.976 % for 2021. IT: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 25.488 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.855 % in 2003 and a record low of 17.907 % in 1981. IT: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 24.641 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector
IT: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data was reported at 1.954 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.868 % for 2021. IT: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 2.482 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.744 % in 2006 and a record low of 1.274 % in 2002. IT: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.954 2022 | yearly | 2002 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector from 2002 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP
IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 737.229 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 711.885 % for 2021. IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 300.269 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 737.229 % in 2022 and a record low of 89.513 % in 1981. IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 737.229 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD: % of GDP
IT: GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.320 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.427 % for 2021. IT: GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.112 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.507 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.828 % in 1981. IT: GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.320 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
IT: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -3.762 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.557 % for 2021. IT: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.581 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.235 % in 1985 and a record low of -6.171 % in 2020. IT: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -3.762 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD: Current PPP
IT: GERD: Current PPP data was reported at 43.507 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 42.096 USD bn for 2021. IT: GERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 17.174 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.507 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 5.058 USD bn in 1981. IT: GERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 43,506.631 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GERD: PPP: 2015p
IT: GERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 31.678 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32.917 USD bn for 2021. IT: GERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 24.104 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.207 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 12.535 USD bn in 1981. IT: GERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 31,678.328 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector
IT: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 3.241 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.789 % for 2020. IT: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 2.601 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.272 % in 2011 and a record low of 1.116 % in 1999. IT: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.241 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: GOVERD: % of GDP
IT: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.195 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.199 % for 2021. IT: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.191 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.260 % in 1991 and a record low of 0.148 % in 2008. IT: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.195 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GOVERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
IT: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 1.491 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.647 % for 2022. IT: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.491 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.406 % in 1984 and a record low of -10.923 % in 2007. IT: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.963 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP
IT: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.501 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.508 % for 2020. IT: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.508 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.619 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.391 % in 1981. IT: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.501 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
IT: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 25,915.065 EUR mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 25,991.328 EUR mn for 2021. IT: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 14,085.850 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26,259.661 EUR mn in 2019 and a record low of 2,094.406 EUR mn in 1981. IT: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 25,915.065 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: HERD Financed: Business Sector
IT: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 6.757 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.024 % for 2020. IT: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 1.459 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.757 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.502 % in 1983. IT: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6.757 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Italy's IT: HERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
IT: HERD: % of GDP
IT: HERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.325 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.342 % for 2021. IT: HERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.319 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.368 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.148 % in 1981. IT: HERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.325 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: HERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
IT: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -1.091 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.514 % for 2021. IT: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.962 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.775 % in 1985 and a record low of -3.699 % in 2015. IT: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -1.091 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: HERD: Current PPP
IT: HERD: Current PPP data was reported at 10.721 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.093 USD bn for 2021. IT: HERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 5.461 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.721 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 905.829 USD mn in 1981. IT: HERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10,720.682 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Italy's IT: HERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IT: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD)
IT: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 6,385.858 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,231.694 EUR mn for 2021. IT: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 4,564.850 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,385.858 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 375.053 EUR mn in 1981. IT: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6,385.858 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |