Italy Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual
IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD
IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 0.604 USD/EUR in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.596 USD/EUR for 2022. IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.739 USD/EUR from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.855 USD/EUR in 2005 and a record low of 0.414 USD/EUR in 1981. IT: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual.
For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.
Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.
2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.604 2023 | yearly | 1981 - 2023 |