Ireland IE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD)

Ireland IE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 917.393 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 807.568 EUR mn for 2022. Ireland IE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 322.300 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 917.393 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of 16.962 EUR mn in 1981. Ireland IE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Ireland, the Central Statistics Office (CSO) submitted to Eurostat and OECD in 2024 exceptionally high estimates of Business R&D expenditure for 2022 and 2023. These estimates drew on data collected on in-house R&D expenditure from the Community Innovation Survey 2022 and Business Expenditure on Research and Development Survey 2023, which the CSO had confirmed with the relevant businesses. The OECD, following its customary review, recommended that the CSO reassess the estimates and source data according to Frascati Manual guidelines on large capital expenditures. The CSO conducted a further review and queried the relevant enterprises in more detail to clarify the classification of capital expenditure. Responses from the enterprises indicated that a significant part of the reported capital expenditure was for both R&D and other purposes. The CSO revised the data based on the revised responses and recalculated the national data for Ireland, submitting the revised estimates to Eurostat and OECD ahead of plans for domestic release in April 2025.

The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.

The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.

Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.

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