Germany Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 7.623 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.790 % for 2021. DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.568 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.533 % in 2015 and a record low of -4.596 % in 1992. DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.623 2022 | yearly | 1983 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry
DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 8.681 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.481 Per 1000 for 2020. DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 5.641 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.681 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 3.532 Per 1000 in 1981. DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed. From 1991, the data for the Private Non-Profit sector have been included in the Government sector.For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.681 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 15.633 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.836 % for 2019. DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 14.082 % from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2021, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.633 % in 2021 and a record low of 11.598 % in 2003. DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15.633 2021 | yearly | 2001 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2001 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 314,353.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 309,204.000 Person for 2019. DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 213,657.500 Person from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2021, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 314,353.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 166,311.000 Person in 1999. DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 314,353.000 2021 | yearly | 1999 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1999 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 4.448 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.983 % for 2020. DE: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.606 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.021 % in 2004 and a record low of -5.451 % in 2005. DE: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.448 2021 | yearly | 1983 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
DE: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 52,207.000 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 63,701.000 FTE for 2021. DE: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 40,698.500 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 63,701.000 FTE in 2021 and a record low of 18,919.000 FTE in 1981. DE: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 52,207.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 38.251 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 37.854 % for 2020. DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 34.404 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.251 % in 2021 and a record low of 27.074 % in 2003. DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 38.251 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 28,718.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 27,154.000 Person for 2020. DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 21,507.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28,718.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 11,895.000 Person in 2003. DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 28,718.000 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 75,078.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 71,733.000 Person for 2020. DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 62,790.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 75,078.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 43,935.000 Person in 2003. DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 75,078.000 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
DE: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 100,133.000 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 119,268.000 FTE for 2021. DE: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 76,254.000 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 119,268.000 FTE in 2021 and a record low of 50,921.000 FTE in 1981. DE: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 100,133.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total
DE: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 25.095 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 25.388 % for 2022. DE: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 26.141 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.178 % in 1993 and a record low of 22.015 % in 1989. DE: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 25.205 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 1.387 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.057 % for 2022. DE: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.060 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2023, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.192 % in 2009 and a record low of -4.277 % in 2003. DE: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.074 2022 | yearly | 1983 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 41.439 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 40.645 % for 2020. DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 36.897 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.439 % in 2021 and a record low of 25.711 % in 2003. DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 41.439 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 125,078.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 120,192.000 Person for 2020. DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 92,958.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 125,078.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 44,797.000 Person in 2003. DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 125,078.000 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 301,833.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 295,712.000 Person for 2020. DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 251,940.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 301,833.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 171,832.000 Person in 2004. DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 301,833.000 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 1.186 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.198 % for 2021. DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.599 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.739 % in 2009 and a record low of -4.475 % in 2004. DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.186 2022 | yearly | 1983 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 158,400.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 156,543.000 FTE for 2021. DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 104,333.500 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 158,400.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 58,614.000 FTE in 1981. DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 158,400.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
DE: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 29.358 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 28.054 % for 2019. DE: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 27.336 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.358 % in 2021 and a record low of 19.502 % in 2003. DE: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 29.358 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Number of Researchers: Female
DE: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 202,940.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 187,231.000 Person for 2019. DE: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 146,698.000 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 202,940.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 77,449.000 Person in 2003. DE: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 202,940.000 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Number of Researchers: Female from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Number of Researchers: Total
DE: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 691,264.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 667,394.000 Person for 2019. DE: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 535,646.500 Person from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2021, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 691,264.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 397,130.000 Person in 2003. DE: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 691,264.000 2021 | yearly | 2003 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Number of Researchers: Total from 2003 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total
DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 63.417 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 63.699 % for 2020. DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 63.417 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.450 % in 1987 and a record low of 61.011 % in 1996. DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed. From 1991, the data for the Private Non-Profit sector have been included in the Government sector.For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 63.417 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 505,253.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 478,129.000 FTE for 2021. DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 312,317.500 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 505,253.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 242,544.000 FTE in 1981. DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 505,253.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
DE: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 784,560.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 753,940.000 FTE for 2021. DE: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 486,214.500 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 784,560.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 352,079.000 FTE in 1981. DE: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 784,560.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment
DE: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 17.207 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.760 Per 1000 for 2021. DE: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 13.326 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.207 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 11.921 Per 1000 in 1996. DE: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 17.207 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 5.021 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.407 % for 2021. DE: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.672 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.246 % in 2015 and a record low of -2.462 % in 1993. DE: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.021 2022 | yearly | 1983 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force
DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 10.750 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.454 Per 1000 for 2020. DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 6.759 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.750 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 4.529 Per 1000 in 1981. DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed. From 1991, the data for the Private Non-Profit sector have been included in the Government sector.For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10.368 2020 | yearly | 1981 - 2020 |
View Germany's DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1981 to 2020 in the chart:
DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment
DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 10.633 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.262 Per 1000 for 2021. DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 6.923 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.633 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 4.670 Per 1000 in 1981. DE: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10.633 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |