Germany Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP
DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.933 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.935 % for 2020. DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.635 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.014 % in 2018 and a record low of 1.274 % in 1996. DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.964 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP
DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data was reported at 2.800 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.755 % for 2013. DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.370 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2014, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.800 % in 2014 and a record low of 2.048 % in 1994. DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.856 2014 | yearly | 1991 - 2014 |
View Germany's DE: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP from 1991 to 2014 in the chart:
DE: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector
DE: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 62.779 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 62.614 % for 2020. DE: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 64.457 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.070 % in 2006 and a record low of 56.846 % in 1981. DE: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 62.779 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors
DE: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data was reported at 0.321 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.374 % for 2020. DE: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.349 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.533 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.235 % in 2010. DE: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.321 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: GERD Financed: Rest of The World
DE: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 6.936 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.310 % for 2020. DE: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 2.404 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.378 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.956 % in 1981. DE: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6.936 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: GERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector
DE: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 68.251 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 67.376 % for 2022. DE: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 68.972 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.376 % in 1988 and a record low of 66.036 % in 1996. DE: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 67.369 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector
DE: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 17.231 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.125 % for 2022. DE: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 17.231 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.729 % in 2020 and a record low of 14.249 % in 1989. DE: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 18.134 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GERD: % of GDP
DE: GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 3.132 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.129 % for 2021. DE: GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.530 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.167 % in 2019 and a record low of 2.126 % in 1994. DE: GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.132 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 1.921 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.080 % for 2021. DE: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.997 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.936 % in 1985 and a record low of -4.909 % in 2020. DE: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.921 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GERD: Current PPP
DE: GERD: Current PPP data was reported at 174.857 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 161.232 USD bn for 2021. DE: GERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 57.412 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 174.857 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 18.826 USD bn in 1981. DE: GERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 174,857.348 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GERD: PPP: 2015p
DE: GERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 131.834 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 129.348 USD bn for 2021. DE: GERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 80.747 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 131.962 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 45.487 USD bn in 1981. DE: GERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 131,833.551 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector
DE: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 7.926 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.794 % for 2020. DE: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 3.410 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.260 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.762 % in 1981. DE: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.926 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: GOVERD: % of GDP
DE: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.377 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.372 % for 2022. DE: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.338 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.456 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.315 % in 1982. DE: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.379 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GOVERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p
DE: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 15.956 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 19.155 USD bn for 2021. DE: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 10.960 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.155 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 6.068 USD bn in 1982. DE: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15,955.553 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD)
DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data was reported at 15,770.000 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 14,697.104 EUR mn for 2022. DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 7,307.400 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,761.071 EUR mn in 2021 and a record low of 2,609.429 EUR mn in 1981. DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14,697.104 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 121,435.551 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 113,183.578 EUR mn for 2021. DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 52,893.507 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 121,435.551 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 19,419.377 EUR mn in 1981. DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 121,435.551 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: HERD Financed: Business Sector
DE: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 13.086 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.942 % for 2020. DE: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 12.294 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.028 % in 2007 and a record low of 1.775 % in 1981. DE: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 13.086 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: HERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: HERD: % of GDP
DE: HERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.535 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.557 % for 2022. DE: HERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.399 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.579 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.379 % in 1985. DE: HERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.568 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: HERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -4.128 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.398 % for 2022. DE: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.181 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.515 % in 2008 and a record low of -4.128 % in 2023. DE: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.250 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: HERD: Current PPP
DE: HERD: Current PPP data was reported at 30.838 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 31.526 USD bn for 2022. DE: HERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 10.148 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.526 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 3.212 USD bn in 1981. DE: HERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 31,709.389 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: HERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: HERD: PPP: 2015p
DE: HERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 23.907 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 23.612 USD bn for 2021. DE: HERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 13.554 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.907 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 7.499 USD bn in 1983. DE: HERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 23,907.267 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: HERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD)
DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 22,395.000 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,007.356 EUR mn for 2022. DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 9,219.223 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,395.000 EUR mn in 2023 and a record low of 3,313.171 EUR mn in 1981. DE: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 22,021.649 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |