Germany Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
DE: BERD Financed: Government
DE: BERD Financed: Government data was reported at 3.520 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.192 % for 2020. DE: BERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 6.691 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.658 % in 1982 and a record low of 3.098 % in 2018. DE: BERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.520 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Financed: Government from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors
DE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data was reported at 0.118 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.149 % for 2020. DE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.171 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.292 % in 1990 and a record low of 0.060 % in 2004. DE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.118 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Financed: Rest of The World
DE: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 7.896 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.494 % for 2020. DE: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 2.685 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.494 % in 2019 and a record low of 1.187 % in 1981. DE: BERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.896 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry
DE: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data was reported at 1.652 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.813 % for 2020. DE: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 4.957 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.604 % in 1997 and a record low of 1.652 % in 2021. DE: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.652 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry
DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry data was reported at 1.783 USD bn in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.822 USD bn for 2020. DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 2.286 USD bn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.020 USD bn in 2012 and a record low of 1.657 USD bn in 2001. DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,782.842 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry
DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 7.873 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.425 USD bn for 2020. DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 3.956 USD bn from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.873 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 1.270 USD bn in 1995. DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7,873.434 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries
DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data was reported at 17.888 USD bn in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.820 USD bn for 2020. DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 3.869 USD bn from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2021, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.888 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 464.636 USD mn in 1987. DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 17,888.008 2021 | yearly | 1987 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries from 1987 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry
DE: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 7.295 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.388 % for 2020. DE: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 7.166 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2021, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.885 % in 2006 and a record low of 4.664 % in 1995. DE: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.295 2021 | yearly | 1991 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1991 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD Performed: Service Industries
DE: BERD Performed: Service Industries data was reported at 16.575 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.742 % for 2020. DE: BERD Performed: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 9.375 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2021, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.575 % in 2021 and a record low of 2.149 % in 1987. DE: BERD Performed: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 16.575 2021 | yearly | 1987 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: BERD Performed: Service Industries from 1987 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: BERD: % of GDP
DE: BERD: % of GDP data was reported at 2.110 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.094 % for 2021. DE: BERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.767 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.183 % in 2019 and a record low of 1.415 % in 1995. DE: BERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.110 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: BERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: BERD: Current PPP
DE: BERD: Current PPP data was reported at 117.799 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 107.923 USD bn for 2021. DE: BERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 39.770 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 117.799 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 12.984 USD bn in 1981. DE: BERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 117,798.881 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: BERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: BERD: PPP: 2015p
DE: BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 88.814 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 86.581 USD bn for 2021. DE: BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 55.937 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 90.949 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 31.373 USD bn in 1981. DE: BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.
Between 1991 and 2021, the data for the PNP sector were included in the Government sector. In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.
From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.
The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.
In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed.
For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 88,814.368 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Germany's DE: BERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
DE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added
DE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 2.968 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.951 % for 2020. DE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 2.410 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.053 % in 2019 and a record low of 1.878 % in 1981. DE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. The data in this publication for Germany cover unified Germany from 1991 and western Germany only until 1990.In 2016, the method for calculating R&D coefficients was revised, introducing a break in series in the Higher Education sector. In particular, coefficients are thereafter based on time-use surveys.From reference year 2014, the distribution of R&D personnel by occupation is requested in the government survey whereas it was previously estimated from data by qualification.The method for calculating public-financed R&D in the business enterprise sector was reviewed, resulting in the revision of business enterprise R&D and the national total back to 1991.In 1992 the methodology of the survey on resources devoted to R&D in the Government sector was changed. From 1991, the data for the Private Non-Profit sector have been included in the Government sector.For 1997, the methodology for allocating GBARD by socio-economic objective changed. For 1997 and from 2001 to 2015, the global budget reduction was not distributed proportionally across SEO by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Therefore, the sum of the breakdown for those years does not add to the total. From 2016 onwards the global reduction is distributed across SEO proportionally.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.968 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Germany's DE: Business-Financed BERD: % of Value Added from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
DE: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
DE: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 3.885 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of -8.050 % for 2020. DE: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.456 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2021, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.998 % in 1985 and a record low of -8.050 % in 2020. DE: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.885 2021 | yearly | 1982 - 2021 |