France FR: BERD: % of Value Added

1981 - 2021 | Yearly | % | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

France FR: BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 2.557 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.653 % for 2020. France FR: BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 2.215 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.653 % in 2020 and a record low of 1.708 % in 1981. France FR: BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In France, from 2014 onwards, the R&D personnel in the university hospitals is better identified, introducing to a break in series in the higher education sector; moreover, from that year, university hospitals collect R&D personnel data by gender whereas these figures were previously estimated.
The National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) is included in the Higher Education sector, whereas in other countries such as Italy for example, this type of organisation is classified in the Government sector. This affects comparisons of the breakdown of R&D efforts by sector of performance.
The methodology of the public administrations survey was changed in 2010: the method for measuring the resources devoted to R&D in ministries and some public organisations has been modified, leading to a better identification of their financing activities. The impact is notably a 900 million fall in GOVERD and a 3 200 drop in FTE personnel.From 2004 onwards, a new methodology was introduced to correct for some double-counting of funds for universities.
In 2007, the sampling method in the BE sector was modified and the 2004 data revised according to the new methodology.
Beginning with the 2006 survey, in order to better take into account SMEs, there is no longer a cut-off point in the business enterprise sector of one Full-time-equivalent on R&D for an enterprise to be included in the survey population.From 2001, coverage of the BE sector was expanded. Data communicated by the Ministry of Defence were also extended to cover research that was not considered R&D in earlier years. This also affected GBARD data.
In 2000, several methodological changes which improved the quality of the public sector data resulted in a break in series for that year: social charges and civil pensions are better captured in universities' research expenses; modification of responses from some institutes to better harmonise with the corresponding multi-annual programme; and implementation of a redesigned questionnaire.
National sources estimate that the previous method would have produced a 1.6% increase in GERD, where the current method resulted in 4%.Due to changes in the methods used to evaluate domestic expenditure on defence, the results of the 1998 surveys revealed significant modifications requiring new estimates for 1997. This break in series relates also to the GBARD data.In 1997, the method used to measure R&D personnel in administrations has changed.
Between 1991 and 1992 France Télécom and GIAT Industries were transferred from the Government to the Business Enterprise sector following a change in their legal status.Before 2016, part of R&D budgets cannot be allocated by NABS socio-economic objective.
In 2006 and 2007, following the implementation of the Constitutional Bylaw on Budget Acts (LOLF act: 'loi organique relative aux lois de finances'), some departments are no longer recorded in the GBARD data. Consequently, total GBARD is underestimated for both years.
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Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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France France FR: BERD: % of Value Added

What was France's France FR: BERD: % of Value Added in 2021?

Last Previous Min Max Unit Frequency Range
2.557 2021 2.653 2020 1.708 1981 2.653 2020 % yearly 1981 - 2021

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France Key Series

National Accounts Last Frequency Range
Forecast: GDP PPP Per Capita (PPP Intl $) 66,540.840 2027 yearly 1980 - 2027
Forecast: Nominal GDP Per Capita (USD) 49,579.070 2027 yearly 1980 - 2027
Forecast: Real GDP Growth (%) 1.450 2028 yearly 1980 - 2028
GDP Deflator Growth (%) 5.5 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1950 - Mar 2023
GDP per Capita (USD) 43,359.790 2021 yearly 1957 - 2021
Gross Fixed Capital Formation (USD mn) 173,770.799 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1957 - Dec 2024
Gross National Product (GNP) (USD mn) 3,109,572.127 2023 yearly 1957 - 2023
Gross Savings Rate (%) 14.2 Dec 2017 quarterly Mar 1949 - Dec 2017
Investment: % of GDP (%) 21.5 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Dec 2024
Nominal GDP (USD mn) 689,415.2 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 1957 - Dec 2022
Nominal GDP Growth (%) 2.432 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1950 - Dec 2024
Private Consumption Expenditure (USD mn) 426,755.669 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1957 - Dec 2024
Private Consumption: % of GDP (%) 54.3 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Dec 2024
Public Consumption Expenditure (USD mn) 191,590.794 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1957 - Dec 2024
Public Consumption: % of GDP (%) 24.2 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1980 - Dec 2024
Real GDP Growth (%) 0.9 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1950 - Mar 2023
Total Trade of Goods & Services: % of Nominal GDP (%) 65.787 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 1975 - Dec 2024
Production Last Frequency Range
Gold Production (kg) 1,500.000 2010 yearly 1990 - 2010
Industrial Production Index Growth (%) 2.6 May 2023 monthly Jan 1991 - May 2023
Minerals Production (Metric Ton) 10,769,757.000 2022 yearly 2009 - 2022
Motor Vehicle Production (Unit) 1,505,076.000 2023 yearly 1997 - 2023
Silver Production (Metric Ton) 0.000 2013 yearly 1986 - 2013
Sales, Orders, Inventory & Shipments Last Frequency Range
New Orders Growth (%) 0.9 Dec 2012 monthly Jan 1999 - Dec 2012
Construction and Properties Last Frequency Range
House Prices Growth (%) -3.5 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 2001 - Sep 2024
Nominal Residential Property Price Index (2010=100) 127.888 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1970 - Sep 2024
Nominal Residential Property Price Index Growth (%) -3.480 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1971 - Sep 2024
Real Residential Property Price Index (2010=100) 100.650 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1970 - Sep 2024
Real Residential Property Price Index Growth (%) -5.132 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1971 - Sep 2024
Government and Public Finance Last Frequency Range
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) -6.0 Sep 2024 quarterly Dec 1949 - Sep 2024
Forecast: Government Expenditure (EUR bn) 1,934.691 2029 yearly 1980 - 2029
Forecast: Government Net Debt (EUR bn) 3,784.636 2028 yearly 1980 - 2028
Forecast: Government Revenue (EUR bn) 1,735.012 2029 yearly 1980 - 2029
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 110.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1995 - Dec 2023
National Government Debt (USD mn) 3,681,160.0 Sep 2024 quarterly Dec 1995 - Sep 2024
Tax Revenue (USD mn) 40,046.652 Jan 2025 monthly Jan 2006 - Jan 2025
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) -52,128.785 Sep 2024 quarterly Mar 1957 - Sep 2024
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) 16.4 Dec 2024 quarterly Mar 2006 - Dec 2024

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