Finland FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry

Finland FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 14.737 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.693 Per 1000 for 2020. Finland FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 12.865 Per 1000 from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.737 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 11.472 Per 1000 in 2016. Finland FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased. From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, 'Researchers' also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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