Finland Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual

FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total

FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 60.451 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 62.033 % for 2021. FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 56.774 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 62.033 % in 2021 and a record low of 55.290 % in 2010. FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total from 2004 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 27,077.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 27,018.000 FTE for 2021. FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 22,864.600 FTE from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27,077.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 20,256.600 FTE in 2016. FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 2004 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry

FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 14.737 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.693 Per 1000 for 2020. FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 12.865 Per 1000 from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.737 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 11.472 Per 1000 in 2016. FI: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased. From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, 'Researchers' also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 18.259 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.366 % for 2020. FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 17.321 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.366 % in 2020 and a record low of 15.960 % in 2013. FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female

FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 6,373.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,792.000 Person for 2020. FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 4,666.000 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,373.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 4,445.000 Person in 2012. FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Government Researchers: % of National Total

FI: Government Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 7.847 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.864 % for 2021. FI: Government Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 10.681 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.575 % in 2011 and a record low of 7.847 % in 2022. FI: Government Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Researchers: % of National Total from 2004 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

FI: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.628 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.612 % for 2021. FI: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.070 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.143 % in 2005 and a record low of -13.172 % in 2015. FI: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 2005 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

FI: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 3,515.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,425.000 FTE for 2021. FI: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 4,200.000 FTE from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,630.400 FTE in 2011 and a record low of 3,209.000 FTE in 2016. FI: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 2004 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 43.904 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 43.698 % for 2020. FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 43.036 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.365 % in 2013 and a record low of 40.218 % in 2004. FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female

FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 2,121.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,042.000 Person for 2020. FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 2,315.000 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,638.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 1,812.000 Person in 2016. FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total

FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 4,831.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,673.000 Person for 2020. FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 5,474.000 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,970.000 Person in 2010 and a record low of 4,391.000 Person in 2016. FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

FI: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.050 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.773 % for 2021. FI: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.089 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.845 % in 1998 and a record low of -23.141 % in 2015. FI: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total

FI: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 30.796 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 29.095 % for 2021. FI: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 31.794 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.365 % in 2017 and a record low of 28.986 % in 2008. FI: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 2004 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

FI: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 8.854 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -4.415 % for 2021. FI: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.236 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.106 % in 2010 and a record low of -5.416 % in 2007. FI: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 2005 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female

FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 12,691.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,217.000 Person for 2020. FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 10,592.000 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,691.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 7,794.000 Person in 2004. FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total

FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 25,392.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 24,371.000 Person for 2020. FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 22,339.000 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25,392.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 18,181.000 Person in 2004. FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 6.582 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.532 % for 2021. FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.918 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.167 % in 1998 and a record low of -4.947 % in 2007. FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 18,087.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,970.000 FTE for 2021. FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 15,846.600 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,087.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 4,950.000 FTE in 1981. FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

FI: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 32.804 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 33.401 % for 2020. FI: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 32.079 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.744 % in 2019 and a record low of 28.962 % in 2004. FI: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Number of Researchers: Female

FI: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 21,590.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 20,472.000 Person for 2020. FI: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 17,904.500 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,590.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 14,834.000 Person in 2004. FI: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Number of Researchers: Female from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Number of Researchers: Total

FI: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 65,815.000 Person in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 61,292.000 Person for 2020. FI: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 55,621.500 Person from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2021, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65,815.000 Person in 2021 and a record low of 50,772.747 Person in 2005. FI: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Number of Researchers: Total from 2004 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total

FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 60.912 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 58.821 % for 2020. FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 55.913 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.912 % in 2021 and a record low of 46.473 % in 1981. FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased. From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, 'Researchers' also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -1.808 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.300 % for 2021. FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.403 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.620 % in 1996 and a record low of -7.173 % in 2016. FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 33,786.000 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 34,408.000 FTE for 2021. FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 29,673.200 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34,408.000 FTE in 2021 and a record low of 8,367.000 FTE in 1981. FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

FI: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 57,031.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 56,488.000 FTE for 2021. FI: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 52,130.200 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 58,281.142 FTE in 2004 and a record low of 18,004.000 FTE in 1981. FI: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force

FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 20.071 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 19.429 Per 1000 for 2020. FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 19.372 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.285 Per 1000 in 2004 and a record low of 7.184 Per 1000 in 1981. FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased. From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, 'Researchers' also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:

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FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment

FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 20.655 Per 1000 in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 21.168 Per 1000 for 2021. FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 20.655 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.462 Per 1000 in 2004 and a record low of 7.505 Per 1000 in 1981. FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

FI: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.842 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.428 % for 2021. FI: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.752 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.254 % in 2004 and a record low of -4.285 % in 2016. FI: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 2004 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

FI: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 44,792.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 43,554.000 FTE for 2021. FI: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 39,993.254 FTE from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44,792.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 9,421.000 FTE in 1983. FI: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force

FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 15.475 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 15.141 Per 1000 for 2020. FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 14.799 Per 1000 from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2021, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.678 Per 1000 in 2004 and a record low of 3.684 Per 1000 in 1983. FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased. From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, 'Researchers' also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1983 to 2021 in the chart:

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There is no data available for your selected dates.

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FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment

FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 16.223 Per 1000 in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.322 Per 1000 for 2021. FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 15.808 Per 1000 from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.210 Per 1000 in 2004 and a record low of 3.915 Per 1000 in 1983. FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

View Finland's FI: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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There is no data available for your selected dates.

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There is no data available for your selected dates.