Finland FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP

Finland FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.771 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.770 % for 2021. Finland FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.815 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.952 % in 2010 and a record low of 0.497 % in 1981. Finland FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.

From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.

From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.

From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.

From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).

In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.

Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.

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