Finland Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
FI: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP
FI: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.732 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.749 % for 2021. FI: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.749 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.543 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.625 % in 1981. FI: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.736 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Finland's FI: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
FI: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP
FI: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data was reported at 3.148 % in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.269 % for 2013. FI: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 3.196 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2014, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.711 % in 2009 and a record low of 1.133 % in 1981. FI: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.132 2014 | yearly | 1981 - 2014 |
View Finland's FI: Estimated Civil GERD: % Of GDP from 1981 to 2014 in the chart:
FI: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors
FI: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data was reported at 2.484 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.324 % for 2021. FI: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 1.289 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.484 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.871 % in 2000. FI: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.324 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Finland's FI: GERD Financed: Higher Education and PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
FI: GERD Financed: Rest of The World
FI: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data was reported at 13.585 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.015 % for 2021. FI: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data is updated yearly, averaging 6.516 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.323 % in 2014 and a record low of 0.922 % in 1983. FI: GERD Financed: Rest of The World data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14.015 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Finland's FI: GERD Financed: Rest of The World from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
FI: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector
FI: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 67.577 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 68.005 % for 2022. FI: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 66.829 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74.253 % in 2008 and a record low of 54.658 % in 1981. FI: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 68.004 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector
FI: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 24.178 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 23.970 % for 2022. FI: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 20.457 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.387 % in 2017 and a record low of 17.183 % in 2008. FI: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 23.970 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector
FI: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data was reported at 0.647 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.679 % for 2022. FI: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 0.664 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.886 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.334 % in 1987. FI: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.679 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP
FI: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 1,855.604 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,726.871 % for 2021. FI: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 930.547 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,855.604 % in 2022 and a record low of 116.560 % in 1981. FI: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,855.604 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GERD: % of GDP
FI: GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 3.094 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.982 % for 2022. FI: GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.852 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.734 % in 2009 and a record low of 1.147 % in 1981. FI: GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.965 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
FI: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 0.528 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.524 % for 2021. FI: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.807 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.339 % in 1996 and a record low of -8.258 % in 2015. FI: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.528 2022 | yearly | 1983 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GERD: Current PPP
FI: GERD: Current PPP data was reported at 10.311 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.569 USD bn for 2021. FI: GERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 4.839 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.311 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 559.487 USD mn in 1981. FI: GERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10,311.408 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector
FI: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 5.923 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.767 % for 2021. FI: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 11.004 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.234 % in 2001 and a record low of 5.767 % in 2021. FI: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.767 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Finland's FI: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
FI: GOVERD: % of GDP
FI: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.235 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.219 % for 2022. FI: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.318 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.430 % in 1993 and a record low of 0.219 % in 2022. FI: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.218 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GOVERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p
FI: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 560.550 USD mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 556.146 USD mn for 2021. FI: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 597.806 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 794.832 USD mn in 2010 and a record low of 297.275 USD mn in 1981. FI: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 560.550 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD)
FI: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data was reported at 641.200 EUR mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 582.990 EUR mn for 2022. FI: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 484.300 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 644.616 EUR mn in 2010 and a record low of 98.390 EUR mn in 1981. FI: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 583.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP
FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.771 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.770 % for 2021. FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.815 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.952 % in 2010 and a record low of 0.497 % in 1981. FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.764 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Finland's FI: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
FI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
FI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 7,936.100 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,491.100 EUR mn for 2021. FI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 4,830.365 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,936.100 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 436.397 EUR mn in 1981. FI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7,936.100 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Finland's FI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
FI: HERD Financed: Business Sector
FI: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 3.143 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.280 % for 2021. FI: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 4.799 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.211 % in 2008 and a record low of 2.130 % in 1981. FI: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Finland: a new methodology for calculating the time spent on R&D by personnel in the Higher Education sector was implemented in 2011. As a consequence, R&D personnel (measured in FTE) in the Higher Education sector decreased.
From 2004, R&D personnel data are available according to occupation. Previous breakdown was by formal qualification.
From 1998 to 2004, due to a greater number of responses to the BE survey on the group level, the questionnaire category funds from other foreign enterprises of the group was merged with business enterprise funds (own funds) thus reducing the share of funds coming from the rest of the world.
From 1997, the Higher Education sector includes central university hospitals.
From 1997 and the implementation of ISCED 97, “Researchers” also includes holders of engineering degrees and graduates of vocational polytechnics, degrees which are now classified in First Stage Tertiary Education (ISCED 5A).
In 1991, the method for measuring R&D expenditures in the Government and the Higher Education sectors changed. Since 1994, PNP institutions are included in the Government sector in non-survey years.
Data on GBARD have been revised back to 1991 because of changes in R&D coefficients for certain research institutes. In 1991, there was an upward adjustment in the total due to the inclusion of pension costs. From 1995, funds received by the State research institutes from external sources are excluded from Government allocations. As of 1997, the data covers allocations for central university hospitals.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.280 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Finland's FI: HERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
FI: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
FI: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 3.659 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.488 % for 2022. FI: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.443 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2023, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.180 % in 1999 and a record low of -5.944 % in 1993. FI: HERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.261 2022 | yearly | 1983 - 2022 |