Estonia EE: BERD: % of Value Added

Estonia EE: BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 1.530 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.514 % for 2020. Estonia EE: BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 0.936 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2021, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.170 % in 2011 and a record low of 0.171 % in 1998. Estonia EE: BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Estonia – Table EE.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Estonia, GBARD figures come from budget data from 2016 onward, whereas they were previously estimated from R&D survey data.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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