Canada CA: BERD: % of Value Added

Canada CA: BERD: % of Value Added data was reported at 1.365 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.488 % for 2021. Canada CA: BERD: % of Value Added data is updated yearly, averaging 1.479 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.881 % in 2001 and a record low of 0.863 % in 1981. Canada CA: BERD: % of Value Added data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions' own funds.  From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included). From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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