Spain Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
ES: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP
ES: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 0.318 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.334 % for 2020. ES: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.172 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.334 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.059 % in 1981. ES: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.318 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: Basic Research Expenditure: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP
ES: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.709 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.693 % for 2020. ES: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.439 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.709 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.166 % in 1981. ES: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.709 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: Business-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector
ES: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 50.240 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 49.182 % for 2020. ES: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 46.838 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.240 % in 2021 and a record low of 40.281 % in 1994. ES: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 50.240 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: GERD Financed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: GERD Financed: Government
ES: GERD Financed: Government data was reported at 37.458 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 38.515 % for 2020. ES: GERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 43.630 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56.011 % in 1981 and a record low of 37.458 % in 2021. ES: GERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 37.458 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: GERD Financed: Government from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector
ES: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data was reported at 56.413 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 56.212 % for 2021. ES: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 53.702 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.826 % in 1990 and a record low of 45.488 % in 1981. ES: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 56.413 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD Performed: Business Enterprise Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD Performed: Government Sector
ES: GERD Performed: Government Sector data was reported at 17.230 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 16.870 % for 2021. ES: GERD Performed: Government Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 18.674 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.566 % in 1981 and a record low of 15.363 % in 2003. ES: GERD Performed: Government Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 17.230 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD Performed: Government Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector
ES: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data was reported at 26.008 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.592 % for 2021. ES: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 27.693 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.730 % in 1997 and a record low of 18.605 % in 1986. ES: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 26.008 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD Performed: Higher Education Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector
ES: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data was reported at 0.348 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.325 % for 2021. ES: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 0.292 % from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.122 % in 1995 and a record low of 0.130 % in 2004. ES: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.348 2022 | yearly | 1986 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector from 1986 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP
ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 698.362 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 616.135 % for 2021. ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 219.145 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 698.362 % in 2022 and a record low of 29.396 % in 1981. ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 698.362 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD: % of GDP
ES: GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 1.435 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.411 % for 2021. ES: GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.924 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.435 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.389 % in 1981. ES: GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.435 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD: Current PPP
ES: GERD: Current PPP data was reported at 33.387 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 29.188 USD bn for 2021. ES: GERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 9.011 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.387 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 1.123 USD bn in 1981. ES: GERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 33,387.021 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GERD: PPP: 2015p
ES: GERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 25.758 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 23.944 USD bn for 2021. ES: GERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 12.824 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.758 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 2.907 USD bn in 1981. ES: GERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 25,758.288 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector
ES: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 8.269 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.991 % for 2020. ES: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 5.802 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.269 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.633 % in 1988. ES: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.269 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: GOVERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: GOVERD: % of GDP
ES: GOVERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.247 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.238 % for 2021. ES: GOVERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.166 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.274 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.118 % in 1984. ES: GOVERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.247 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GOVERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
ES: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 9.870 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.969 % for 2021. ES: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 4.054 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.183 % in 1986 and a record low of -7.593 % in 1995. ES: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.870 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GOVERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GOVERD: Current PPP
ES: GOVERD: Current PPP data was reported at 5.753 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.924 USD bn for 2021. ES: GOVERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.408 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.753 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 354.630 USD mn in 1981. ES: GOVERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5,752.651 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GOVERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p
ES: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 4.438 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.039 USD bn for 2021. ES: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 2.004 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.438 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 917.708 USD mn in 1981. ES: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4,438.205 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: GOVERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD)
ES: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data was reported at 3,329.694 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,910.025 EUR mn for 2021. ES: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 1,048.434 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,329.694 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 138.138 EUR mn in 1981. ES: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3,329.694 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP
ES: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.529 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.543 % for 2020. ES: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.410 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.642 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.218 % in 1981. ES: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.529 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: Government-Financed GERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
ES: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 19,324.755 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,249.250 EUR mn for 2021. ES: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 6,710.347 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19,324.755 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 437.615 EUR mn in 1981. ES: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 19,324.755 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: HERD Financed: Business Sector
ES: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 5.316 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.164 % for 2020. ES: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 6.914 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.042 % in 1991 and a record low of 0.000 % in 1981. ES: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.316 2021 | yearly | 1981 - 2021 |
View Spain's ES: HERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:
ES: HERD: % of GDP
ES: HERD: % of GDP data was reported at 0.373 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.375 % for 2021. ES: HERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.280 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.384 % in 2010 and a record low of 0.089 % in 1981. ES: HERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.373 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: HERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: HERD: Current PPP
ES: HERD: Current PPP data was reported at 9.805 USD bn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.824 USD bn for 2022. ES: HERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.886 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.805 USD bn in 2023 and a record low of 257.793 USD mn in 1981. ES: HERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8,683.365 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: HERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: HERD: PPP: 2015p
ES: HERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 6.699 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.367 USD bn for 2021. ES: HERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 3.888 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.699 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 667.114 USD mn in 1981. ES: HERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6,699.269 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Spain's ES: HERD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
ES: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD)
ES: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data was reported at 5,026.022 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,586.993 EUR mn for 2021. ES: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 2,033.654 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,026.022 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 100.417 EUR mn in 1981. ES: Higher Education Expenditure on R&D (HERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.
Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.
From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.
Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.
In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.
In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5,026.022 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |