Singapore Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual
SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total
SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 54.244 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 51.476 % for 2021. SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 53.055 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.080 % in 1997 and a record low of 49.310 % in 2016. SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 54.154 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 26,361.790 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,765.520 FTE for 2021. SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 16,237.500 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26,361.790 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 3,773.200 FTE in 1993. SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 23,058.460 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 27.959 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 27.302 % for 2021. SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 25.549 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.959 % in 2022 and a record low of 22.601 % in 2003. SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 26.721 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 7,587.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,494.000 Person for 2021. SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 4,747.000 Person from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,587.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 2,506.000 Person in 2002. SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6,462.000 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 27,136.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 23,786.000 Person for 2021. SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 17,574.000 Person from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27,136.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 4,354.000 Person in 1993. SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 24,183.000 2020 | yearly | 1997 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1997 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Researchers: % of National Total
SG: Government Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 15.165 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.074 % for 2021. SG: Government Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 15.154 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.298 % in 1994 and a record low of 14.144 % in 2004. SG: Government Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6.277 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 3.670 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.698 % for 2021. SG: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 4.965 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.359 % in 1998 and a record low of -1.248 % in 2017. SG: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.648 2020 | yearly | 1996 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1996 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 7,369.760 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,108.880 FTE for 2021. SG: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 3,989.115 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,369.760 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 1,141.500 FTE in 1993. SG: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2,672.730 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 37.501 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 37.829 % for 2021. SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 35.365 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.631 % in 2020 and a record low of 29.505 % in 2003. SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 37.133 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 3,212.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,181.000 Person for 2021. SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 2,137.000 Person from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,212.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 1,074.000 Person in 2003. SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,440.000 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 8,565.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 8,409.000 Person for 2021. SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 4,938.500 Person from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,565.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 1,089.000 Person in 1997. SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3,878.000 2020 | yearly | 1997 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1997 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 3.526 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.212 % for 2021. SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.905 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.671 % in 1998 and a record low of -2.103 % in 2017. SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.538 2020 | yearly | 1996 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1996 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 10,229.150 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,880.790 FTE for 2021. SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 5,753.900 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,229.150 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 1,679.900 FTE in 1993. SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4,564.890 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total
SG: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 30.592 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32.450 % for 2021. SG: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 31.249 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.477 % in 2016 and a record low of 15.222 % in 1999. SG: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 39.569 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 3.593 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.563 % for 2021. SG: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 5.925 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 165.511 % in 2000 and a record low of -10.395 % in 1996. SG: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -4.379 2020 | yearly | 1996 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1996 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 5,662.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,411.000 Person for 2021. SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 4,481.000 Person from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,662.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 1,915.000 Person in 2002. SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6,422.000 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 16,145.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,310.000 Person for 2021. SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 10,172.000 Person from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,145.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 1,987.000 Person in 1993. SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 18,000.000 2020 | yearly | 1997 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1997 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 4.730 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.227 % for 2021. SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 5.653 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 150.745 % in 2000 and a record low of -9.204 % in 2004. SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -3.431 2020 | yearly | 1996 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1996 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 15,753.170 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,041.730 FTE for 2021. SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 7,602.065 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,753.170 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 1,185.100 FTE in 1993. SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 18,298.680 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
SG: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 31.750 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 31.757 % for 2021. SG: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 29.580 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.757 % in 2021 and a record low of 25.254 % in 2003. SG: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 31.098 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Number of Researchers: Female
SG: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 16,461.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,086.000 Person for 2021. SG: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 11,365.000 Person from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,461.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 5,517.000 Person in 2002. SG: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 14,324.000 2020 | yearly | 2002 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Number of Researchers: Female from 2002 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Number of Researchers: Total
SG: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 51,846.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 47,505.000 Person for 2021. SG: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 33,363.000 Person from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51,846.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 7,860.000 Person in 1993. SG: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 46,061.000 2020 | yearly | 1997 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Number of Researchers: Total from 1997 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 53.655 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 52.138 % for 2019. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 53.230 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 66.645 % in 1996 and a record low of 49.514 % in 2016. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off' from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres' category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 53.655 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 12.353 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.875 % for 2021. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 5.990 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.411 % in 1996 and a record low of -3.082 % in 2001. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.218 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 30,099.110 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 26,789.720 FTE for 2021. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 19,041.110 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30,099.110 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 5,092.500 FTE in 1993. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 26,470.230 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry
SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 8.566 Per 1000 in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.748 Per 1000 for 2019. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 6.970 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.566 Per 1000 in 2020 and a record low of 3.424 Per 1000 in 1994. SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off' from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres' category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.569 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 8.449 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.637 % for 2021. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.866 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.264 % in 2000 and a record low of -1.287 % in 2017. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.271 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 56,081.431 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 51,712.240 FTE for 2021. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 32,680.800 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56,081.431 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 7,957.500 FTE in 1993. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 49,333.790 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 13.284 Per 1000 in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 13.017 Per 1000 for 2019. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 11.824 Per 1000 from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2020, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.284 Per 1000 in 2020 and a record low of 6.836 Per 1000 in 1999. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off' from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres' category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 13.284 2020 | yearly | 1999 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1999 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment
SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 14.403 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.193 Per 1000 for 2021. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 11.770 Per 1000 from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.403 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 4.806 Per 1000 in 1994. SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 13.691 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
SG: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 9.887 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.738 % for 2021. SG: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.669 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.023 % in 2000 and a record low of -0.789 % in 2017. SG: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.223 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
SG: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 48,598.615 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 44,225.870 FTE for 2021. SG: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 27,570.600 FTE from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48,598.615 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 5,879.300 FTE in 1993. SG: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 42,579.190 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Singapore's SG: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
SG: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment
SG: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 12.482 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.138 Per 1000 for 2021. SG: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 10.072 Per 1000 from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.482 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 3.580 Per 1000 in 1993. SG: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In Singapore, the Public Research Centres are located within the universities and draw upon university expertise. They are closely linked with the universities and several have ‘spun off’ from university research groups. However they are administratively separate from the universities and funded by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and industry. The centres have been included in the ‘Public Research Institutes and Centres’ category in the R&D survey since 1995. Until 1995 they were subsumed in the Higher Education sector. This leads to a discontinuity in the statistics for the Government/Public and Higher Education sectors between 1994 and 1995.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 11.817 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |