Russia Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual
RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total
RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 46.543 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 47.973 % for 2019. RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 50.612 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 60.342 % in 1995 and a record low of 44.190 % in 2018. RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 46.543 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry
RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 3.546 Per 1000 in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.618 Per 1000 for 2019. RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 4.275 Per 1000 from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.298 Per 1000 in 1998 and a record low of 3.355 Per 1000 in 2018. RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database, while previously compiled data are still available.The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.546 2020 | yearly | 1998 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry from 1998 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
RU: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 178,481.000 Person in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 185,358.000 Person for 2019. RU: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 230,308.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2020, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 832,600.000 Person in 1989 and a record low of 171,205.000 Person in 2018. RU: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 178,481.000 2020 | yearly | 1989 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1989 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RU: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 5.492 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of -14.089 % for 2019. RU: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.212 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2020, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.666 % in 2012 and a record low of -14.089 % in 2019. RU: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.492 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
RU: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 131,003.000 FTE in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 124,183.000 FTE for 2019. RU: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 145,988.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 157,784.000 FTE in 1995 and a record low of 124,183.000 FTE in 2019. RU: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 131,003.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
RU: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 120,649.000 Person in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 113,555.000 Person for 2019. RU: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 132,875.500 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2020, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 171,300.000 Person in 1989 and a record low of 113,555.000 Person in 2019. RU: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 120,649.000 2020 | yearly | 1989 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1989 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 8.883 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of -15.742 % for 2019. RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.244 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2020, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.883 % in 2020 and a record low of -15.742 % in 2019. RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.883 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 265,699.000 FTE in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 244,022.000 FTE for 2019. RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 282,929.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 315,379.000 FTE in 1994 and a record low of 244,022.000 FTE in 2019. RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 265,699.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total
RU: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 19.856 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.653 % for 2019. RU: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 16.266 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.653 % in 2019 and a record low of 13.767 % in 1995. RU: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 19.856 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 46.423 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 44.859 % for 2019. RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 42.485 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 46.720 % in 2016 and a record low of 37.870 % in 2002. RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 46.423 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female
RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 21,279.000 Person in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 21,725.000 Person for 2019. RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 13,764.000 Person from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,725.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 11,203.000 Person in 2002. RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 21,279.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total
RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 45,837.000 Person in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 48,429.000 Person for 2019. RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 38,415.000 Person from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2020, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 113,800.000 Person in 1989 and a record low of 28,175.000 Person in 1999. RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 45,837.000 2020 | yearly | 1989 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1989 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -6.057 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.330 % for 2019. RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.111 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2020, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.330 % in 2019 and a record low of -12.590 % in 1995. RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -6.057 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 109,662.000 FTE in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 116,732.000 FTE for 2019. RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 106,443.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 133,170.000 FTE in 1994 and a record low of 96,507.000 FTE in 1998. RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 109,662.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female
RU: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 38.785 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.077 % for 2019. RU: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 41.904 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48.795 % in 1994 and a record low of 38.785 % in 2020. RU: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 38.785 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 49.341 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 51.847 % for 2019. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 55.620 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65.060 % in 1995 and a record low of 47.383 % in 2018. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database, while previously compiled data are still available.The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 49.341 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -5.472 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.746 % for 2019. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -2.920 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2020, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.746 % in 2019 and a record low of -10.384 % in 1998. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| -5.472 2020 | yearly | 1995 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1995 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 369,430.000 FTE in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 390,817.000 FTE for 2019. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 507,415.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 815,326.000 FTE in 1994 and a record low of 359,385.000 FTE in 2018. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 369,430.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry
RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 7.086 Per 1000 in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.356 Per 1000 for 2019. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 8.988 Per 1000 from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.599 Per 1000 in 1998 and a record low of 6.724 Per 1000 in 2018. RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database, while previously compiled data are still available.The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.;
Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':
R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.
The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:
It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.
Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.086 2020 | yearly | 1998 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry from 1998 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent
RU: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 748,721.000 FTE in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 753,796.000 FTE for 2019. RU: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 912,291.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,264,138.000 FTE in 1994 and a record low of 748,721.000 FTE in 2020. RU: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 748,721.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force
RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 9.991 Per 1000 in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.001 Per 1000 for 2019. RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 12.117 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.906 Per 1000 in 1994 and a record low of 9.962 Per 1000 in 2018. RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database, while previously compiled data are still available.The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.991 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment
RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 10.605 Per 1000 in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.479 Per 1000 for 2019. RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 12.188 Per 1000 from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.549 Per 1000 in 1998 and a record low of 10.457 Per 1000 in 2018. RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10.605 2020 | yearly | 1998 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1998 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent
RU: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 397,187.000 FTE in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 400,663.000 FTE for 2019. RU: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 464,357.000 FTE from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 621,790.000 FTE in 1994 and a record low of 397,187.000 FTE in 2020. RU: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.
In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.
The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.
Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.
New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 397,187.000 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |
View Russia's RU: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1994 to 2020 in the chart:
RU: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force
RU: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 5.300 Per 1000 in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.316 Per 1000 for 2019. RU: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 6.230 Per 1000 from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.807 Per 1000 in 1994 and a record low of 5.300 Per 1000 in 2020. RU: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual. In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database, while previously compiled data are still available.The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.300 2020 | yearly | 1994 - 2020 |