Portugal Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual

PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 7.052 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.783 % for 2021. PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 8.054 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.603 % in 2006 and a record low of -2.190 % in 2012. PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 26,536.650 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 24,788.450 FTE for 2021. PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 3,257.883 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26,536.650 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 654.800 FTE in 1982. PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry

PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 6.887 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.582 Per 1000 for 2021. PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 0.807 Per 1000 from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.887 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 0.170 Per 1000 in 1982. PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector.  In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey.  The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995.  Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

View Portugal's PT: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

PT: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 29.755 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 30.194 % for 2021. PT: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 29.454 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.027 % in 2013 and a record low of 23.556 % in 1997. PT: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1997 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Government Researchers: % of National Total

PT: Government Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 2.914 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.023 % for 2022. PT: Government Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 17.828 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.411 % in 1982 and a record low of 2.914 % in 2023. PT: Government Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Government Researchers: % of National Total from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 1,788.176 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,801.033 FTE for 2021. PT: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 2,042.750 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,646.400 FTE in 2001 and a record low of 1,340.044 FTE in 2016. PT: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Government Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 61.406 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 60.881 % for 2021. PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 59.279 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61.406 % in 2022 and a record low of 52.879 % in 1997. PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1997 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total

PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 6,641.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,562.000 Person for 2021. PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 4,510.000 Person from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,641.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 2,278.000 Person in 1984. PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -0.598 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.289 % for 2021. PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 0.944 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.064 % in 2020 and a record low of -32.504 % in 2012. PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 2,715.930 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,732.271 FTE for 2021. PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 4,229.900 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,970.540 FTE in 2001 and a record low of 1,983.373 FTE in 2013. PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total

PT: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 50.315 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 51.177 % for 2021. PT: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 52.328 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68.124 % in 2013 and a record low of 35.175 % in 1982. PT: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 29,766.358 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 28,846.367 FTE for 2021. PT: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 9,501.985 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29,766.358 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 1,393.800 FTE in 1982. PT: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 50.467 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 50.534 % for 2021. PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 47.825 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.534 % in 2021 and a record low of 43.553 % in 1997. PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1997 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female

PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 28,728.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 28,444.000 Person for 2021. PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 22,515.500 Person from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28,760.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 5,833.000 Person in 1997. PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 1997 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total

PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 56,924.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 56,287.000 Person for 2021. PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 18,591.000 Person from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57,532.000 Person in 2018 and a record low of 2,316.000 Person in 1982. PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

PT: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.899 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -1.295 % for 2021. PT: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 4.681 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.863 % in 1985 and a record low of -3.179 % in 2014. PT: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

PT: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 42.131 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 42.564 % for 2021. PT: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 43.619 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.417 % in 2013 and a record low of 41.490 % in 1997. PT: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1997 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Number of Researchers: Female

PT: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 48,275.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 47,226.000 Person for 2021. PT: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 34,108.000 Person from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 48,275.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 9,275.000 Person in 1997. PT: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Number of Researchers: Female from 1997 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Number of Researchers: Total

PT: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 114,582.000 Person in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 110,953.000 Person for 2021. PT: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 33,501.000 Person from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114,582.000 Person in 2022 and a record low of 5,736.000 Person in 1982. PT: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Number of Researchers: Total from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total

PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 50.942 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 49.682 % for 2021. PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 22.112 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.942 % in 2022 and a record low of 10.982 % in 1997. PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector.  In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey.  The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995.  Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 9.264 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 12.278 % for 2021. PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 5.930 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 54.218 % in 2006 and a record low of -9.467 % in 1984. PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 37,873.800 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 34,662.550 FTE for 2021. PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 4,999.263 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 37,873.800 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 1,564.000 FTE in 1984. PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

PT: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 6.212 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.640 % for 2021. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 5.200 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.668 % in 2006 and a record low of -4.123 % in 2012. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1983 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 74,102.471 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 69,768.770 FTE for 2021. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 24,249.518 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 74,102.471 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 8,552.500 FTE in 1982. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force

PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 13.543 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.942 Per 1000 for 2021. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 4.479 Per 1000 from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.543 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 1.956 Per 1000 in 1983. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector.  In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey.  The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995.  Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1982 to 2020 in the chart:

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PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment

PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 14.714 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.067 Per 1000 for 2021. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 4.709 Per 1000 from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.714 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 1.895 Per 1000 in 1982. PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

PT: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 59,160.084 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 56,365.470 FTE for 2021. PT: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 18,983.558 FTE from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59,160.084 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 3,962.500 FTE in 1982. PT: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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PT: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment

PT: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 11.747 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.364 Per 1000 for 2021. PT: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 3.686 Per 1000 from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.747 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 0.878 Per 1000 in 1982. PT: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Portugal, a significant number of entities previously classified in the PNP sector were re-classified to the higher education sector in 2013. Besides, R&D personnel occupation categories have been reviewed: researchers, technicians and other support staff have been defined according to the main functions performed by each individual as part of R&D activities and according to criteria based on the ISCO classification, rather than being defined only by the level of academic qualification. In 2008, the number of R&D personnel increased because of methodological improvements: the results of the individual survey forms were combined with information from other internal databases resulting notably in the inclusion of all permanent academic staff and all researchers funded by the Ministry of science, technology and higher education in 2008.

Due to methodological improvements in the 2008 R&D survey as well as complementary information collected from internal databases, there is now a more complete and accurate measure of R&D resources - both expenditure and personnel - in the Higher education sector. In particular, the large increase in higher education funded R&D is due to the inclusion of more accurate data related to private higher education institutions.

Beginning with the 2007 survey, the following measures resulted in a significant increase in Business enterprise R&D: the reintroduction of the fiscal incentive, SIFIDE; an increase in the number of the firms performing R&D activities; and an updating of the Business Enterprise register.

New methodological procedures have been adopted for the 1997 survey so that only R&D activities are covered in the survey. The classification of BERD by NACE (Rev 1) was introduced and the data have been revised back to 1995. Some of the PNP units have been re-classified to the Business Enterprise and Higher Education sectors.

In 1997, due to a new accounting method for structural funds from the European Commission, funds from the Rest of the World and direct Government financing are not comparable with those of earlier years.

Before 2002, GBARD figures include EU funding programs. Thereafter, they are excluded, as set out in the 2015 Frascati Manual.

View Portugal's PT: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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