Japan Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
JP: BERD Financed: Business Sector
JP: BERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 97.682 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 98.174 % for 2021. JP: BERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 98.211 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.712 % in 1992 and a record low of 97.347 % in 1998. JP: BERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 97.682 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Financed: Business Sector from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Financed: Government
JP: BERD Financed: Government data was reported at 1.345 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.992 % for 2021. JP: BERD Financed: Government data is updated yearly, averaging 1.251 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.067 % in 1998 and a record low of 0.807 % in 2019. JP: BERD Financed: Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.345 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Financed: Government from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors
JP: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data was reported at 0.117 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.094 % for 2021. JP: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 0.107 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.283 % in 1987 and a record low of 0.033 % in 2019. JP: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.117 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Financed: Higher Education And PNP Sectors from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry
JP: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data was reported at 0.302 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.418 % for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 0.332 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.796 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.013 % in 2005. JP: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.302 2022 | yearly | 2005 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Aerospace Industry from 2005 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry
JP: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data was reported at 15.888 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17.047 % for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 21.164 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2022, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.455 % in 2007 and a record low of 15.888 % in 2022. JP: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15.888 2022 | yearly | 2007 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Computer, Electronic And Optical Industry from 2007 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry data was reported at 481.495 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 602.277 USD mn for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 479.555 USD mn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2022, with 18 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.095 USD bn in 2020 and a record low of 12.358 USD mn in 2005. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 481.495 2022 | yearly | 2005 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Aerospace Industry from 2005 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data was reported at 25.323 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 24.570 USD bn for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 27.636 USD bn from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2022, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.708 USD bn in 2007 and a record low of 24.570 USD bn in 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 25,322.707 2022 | yearly | 2007 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Computer, Electronic and Optical Industry from 2007 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 15.067 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.172 USD bn for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 7.417 USD bn from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.067 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 1.915 USD bn in 1987. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15,067.082 2022 | yearly | 1987 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1987 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries
JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data was reported at 22.137 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 18.106 USD bn for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 10.265 USD bn from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.137 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 877.456 USD mn in 1987. JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 22,136.765 2022 | yearly | 1987 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Current PPP: Service Industries from 1987 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry
JP: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data was reported at 9.454 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.833 % for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 8.281 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.323 % in 2013 and a record low of 5.538 % in 1989. JP: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 9.454 2022 | yearly | 1987 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Pharmaceutical Industry from 1987 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD Performed: Service Industries
JP: BERD Performed: Service Industries data was reported at 13.889 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.562 % for 2021. JP: BERD Performed: Service Industries data is updated yearly, averaging 10.357 % from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.889 % in 2022 and a record low of 2.090 % in 1992. JP: BERD Performed: Service Industries data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 13.889 2022 | yearly | 1987 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD Performed: Service Industries from 1987 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD: % of GDP
JP: BERD: % of GDP data was reported at 2.703 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.574 % for 2021. JP: BERD: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.181 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.703 % in 2022 and a record low of 1.322 % in 1981. JP: BERD: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.703 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD: % of GDP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
JP: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 6.017 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.819 % for 2021. JP: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.390 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.199 % in 1985 and a record low of -11.603 % in 2009. JP: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 6.017 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: BERD: Current PPP
JP: BERD: Current PPP data was reported at 159.378 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 144.132 USD bn for 2021. JP: BERD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 78.522 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 159.378 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 15.846 USD bn in 1981. JP: BERD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 159,378.085 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: BERD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD)
JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 15,130,639.000 JPY mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14,224,449.000 JPY mn for 2021. JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 11,513,925.500 JPY mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15,130,639.000 JPY mn in 2022 and a record low of 3,629,793.000 JPY mn in 1981. JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 15,130,639.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate
JP: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 5.485 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.567 % for 2021. JP: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.550 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.206 % in 1985 and a record low of -11.900 % in 2009. JP: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 5.485 2022 | yearly | 1982 - 2022 |
View Japan's JP: Business-Financed BERD: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:
JP: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p
JP: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 139.934 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 132.658 USD bn for 2021. JP: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 99.973 USD bn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.934 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 35.656 USD bn in 1981. JP: Business-Financed BERD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Japan, in 2008, 2013 and 2018, the FTE coefficients for researchers in the higher education sector were revised, producing an increase in 2013 and 2018, and a decrease in 2008, in both R&D expenditure and personnel for this sector and the national total.
Beginning with the 2002/2003 survey (OECD data 2002), the coefficients supplied by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were applied to doctoral level students as well as teachers when calculating FTE for the HE sector, resulting in a break in series in that year.
Before 1996, Higher Education expenditure and personnel data in FTE are OECD estimates derived from official headcount-based data.
GBARD data represent the budget for S&T. Local government budgets are included in total GBARD figures from 2017 and broken down by socio-economic objective from 2022. Since 2016, the aggregation method of S&T budgets has changed. From 2011 onwards, GBARD for the “Education and Society” socio-economic objective include a more accurate measure of the budget of the National Institute for Cultural Heritage. Military procurement contracts are excluded from defence GBARD. Before 2010, GUF excludes SSH.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 139,934.100 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |