Ireland Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual
IE: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD
IE: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data was reported at 100.000 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 % for 2021. IE: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 100.000 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.000 % in 2022 and a record low of 100.000 % in 2022. IE: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 100.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Civil Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes data was reported at 385.971 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 396.872 USD mn for 2021. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 145.768 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 396.872 USD mn in 2021 and a record low of 47.767 USD mn in 1984. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 385.971 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Economic Development Programmes from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes data was reported at 100.274 USD mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 88.579 USD mn for 2021. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 14.729 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 100.274 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of 6.253 USD mn in 1981. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 100.274 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Education and Social Programmes from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: General University Funds
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: General University Funds data was reported at 233.236 USD mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 217.703 USD mn for 2021. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: General University Funds data is updated yearly, averaging 118.031 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 288.124 USD mn in 2007 and a record low of 14.068 USD mn in 1982. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: General University Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 233.236 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: General University Funds from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes data was reported at 134.141 USD mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 115.256 USD mn for 2021. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 24.347 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 134.141 USD mn in 2022 and a record low of 4.009 USD mn in 1981. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 134.141 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Health and Environment Programmes from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Space Programmes
IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Space Programmes data was reported at 44.831 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 45.851 USD mn for 2021. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Space Programmes data is updated yearly, averaging 8.966 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.851 USD mn in 2021 and a record low of 1.353 USD mn in 1983. IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Space Programmes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 44.831 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Civil GBARD: Current PPP: Space Programmes from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD
IE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data was reported at 0.000 % in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2021. IE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2022. IE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.000 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Defence Budget R&D: % of Total GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Economic Development Programmes: % of Civil GBARD
IE: Economic Development Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data was reported at 29.553 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 31.492 % for 2021. IE: Economic Development Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 36.924 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 64.340 % in 1982 and a record low of 22.726 % in 2005. IE: Economic Development Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 29.553 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Economic Development Programmes: % of Civil GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Education and Social Programmes: % of Civil GBARD
IE: Education and Social Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data was reported at 7.678 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.029 % for 2021. IE: Education and Social Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 6.886 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.817 % in 2000 and a record low of 1.405 % in 2005. IE: Education and Social Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 7.678 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Education and Social Programmes: % of Civil GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: GBARD: Current PPP
IE: GBARD: Current PPP data was reported at 1.306 USD bn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.260 USD bn for 2021. IE: GBARD: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 430.749 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.306 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 86.858 USD mn in 1981. IE: GBARD: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,306.014 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: GBARD: Current PPP from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: GBARD: PPP: 2015p
IE: GBARD: PPP: 2015p data was reported at 1.057 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.114 USD bn for 2021. IE: GBARD: PPP: 2015p data is updated yearly, averaging 626.523 USD mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.213 USD bn in 2009 and a record low of 207.468 USD mn in 1984. IE: GBARD: PPP: 2015p data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1,057.199 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: GBARD: PPP: 2015p from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: General University Funds: % Of Civil GBARD
IE: General University Funds: % Of Civil GBARD data was reported at 24.940 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 17.859 % for 2022. IE: General University Funds: % Of Civil GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 24.205 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.647 % in 1994 and a record low of 15.225 % in 1982. IE: General University Funds: % Of Civil GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
For Ireland, the Central Statistics Office (CSO) submitted to Eurostat and OECD in 2024 exceptionally high estimates of Business R&D expenditure for 2022 and 2023. These estimates drew on data collected on in-house R&D expenditure from the Community Innovation Survey 2022 and Business Expenditure on Research and Development Survey 2023, which the CSO had confirmed with the relevant businesses. The OECD, following its customary review, recommended that the CSO reassess the estimates and source data according to Frascati Manual guidelines on large capital expenditures. The CSO conducted a further review and queried the relevant enterprises in more detail to clarify the classification of capital expenditure. Responses from the enterprises indicated that a significant part of the reported capital expenditure was for both R&D and other purposes. The CSO revised the data based on the revised responses and recalculated the national data for Ireland, submitting the revised estimates to Eurostat and OECD ahead of plans for domestic release in April 2025.
The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 17.859 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: General University Funds: % Of Civil GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Health and Environment Programmes: % of Civil GBARD
IE: Health and Environment Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data was reported at 10.271 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.146 % for 2021. IE: Health and Environment Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 6.415 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.271 % in 2022 and a record low of 2.920 % in 1993. IE: Health and Environment Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10.271 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Health and Environment Programmes: % of Civil GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Space Programmes: % of Civil GBARD
IE: Space Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data was reported at 3.433 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.638 % for 2021. IE: Space Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data is updated yearly, averaging 2.365 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.246 % in 1992 and a record low of 1.451 % in 2008. IE: Space Programmes: % of Civil GBARD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.433 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |
View Ireland's IE: Space Programmes: % of Civil GBARD from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:
IE: Total Government Allocations For R&D (GBARD)
IE: Total Government Allocations For R&D (GBARD) data was reported at 963.680 EUR mn in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 952.380 EUR mn for 2021. IE: Total Government Allocations For R&D (GBARD) data is updated yearly, averaging 420.550 EUR mn from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 963.680 EUR mn in 2022 and a record low of 55.785 EUR mn in 1981. IE: Total Government Allocations For R&D (GBARD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.MSTI: Government Budgets for Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.
In Ireland, The methodology used by the higher education institutions to report their R&D figures was harmonized starting from reference year 2018, which resulted in a downward break in the HERD series. R&D personnel data in the Higher Education sector increased markedly in 2018 due to methodological improvements for reporting research-active permanent academic staff in technological universities and institutes of technology, and for assigning research time coefficients in third-level institutions. From 2012, data on researchers in the higher education sector include PhD students. As of 2000, personnel data in the government sector were surveyed in FTE. Prior to 2000, data were collected for human resources devoted to S&T in FTE, and the R&D expenditure to total S&T expenditure ratio was applied.
The government data were revised back to 1992, as some government expenditures are no longer classified as R&D.
Prior to 2004, EU funds were included in GBARD data.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 963.680 2022 | yearly | 1981 - 2022 |