Iceland IS: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry

Iceland IS: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data was reported at 10.303 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.165 Per 1000 for 2017. Iceland IS: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 5.056 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.303 Per 1000 in 2021 and a record low of 0.364 Per 1000 in 1981. Iceland IS: Business Enterprise Researchers: Per Thousand Employment in Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iceland – Table IS.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. In Iceland, from 2015, the implementation of the 2015 Frascati Manual edition has affected the distribution of personnel data by occupation. From reference year 2013, the R&D data collection methodology has been changed resulting in breaks in series. The main differences concern the redesign of the questionnaire, use of business registers in the sample selection mechanism, the legal obligation for firms to respond, the definition of key R&D concepts in the questionnaire, and changes in the allocation of institutions into the business or government sectors. New sampling methods caused a break in series in 2010 (or in 2011 for sectors with no 2010 data).From 2014 onward, GBARD data are provided by Statistics Iceland and are compiled according to the Frascati Manual guidelines.  From 2006, GBARD data make better use of R&D information from the state budget and are based on a better coverage of relevant R&D funding in major recipients organizations. From 1993, new methods for collecting and processing budget data for GBARD result in a break in series.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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