Hungary Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities data was reported at 0.986 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.945 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.852 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.345 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.592 % in 2009. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.986 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data was reported at 0.055 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.057 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.053 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.107 % in 2013 and a record low of 0.035 % in 2016. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.055 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Education
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Education data was reported at 0.034 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.044 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Education data is updated yearly, averaging 0.031 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.051 % in 2018 and a record low of 0.013 % in 2009. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.034 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Education from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Human Health and Social Work Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Human Health and Social Work Activities data was reported at 0.079 % in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.079 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Human Health and Social Work Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.079 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.125 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.048 % in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Human Health and Social Work Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.079 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Human Health and Social Work Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Information and Communication data was reported at 3.610 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.429 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Information and Communication data is updated yearly, averaging 5.589 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.796 % in 2008 and a record low of 3.610 % in 2023. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Information and Communication data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.610 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Other Service Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Other Service Activities data was reported at 0.049 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.050 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Other Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.053 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.149 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.027 % in 2010. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Other Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.049 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Other Service Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities data was reported at 8.367 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 8.241 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 8.463 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.063 % in 2012 and a record low of 6.672 % in 2019. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 8.367 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Transportation and Storage
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Transportation and Storage data was reported at 2.136 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.058 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Transportation and Storage data is updated yearly, averaging 2.192 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.244 % in 2019 and a record low of 1.515 % in 2014. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Transportation and Storage data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 2.136 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Transportation and Storage from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles data was reported at 10.302 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 10.048 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles data is updated yearly, averaging 10.628 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.117 % in 2008 and a record low of 8.988 % in 2014. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total FDI: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 10.302 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities data was reported at 0.455 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.434 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.461 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.972 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.230 % in 2019. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.455 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Accommodation and Food Service Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Administrative and Support Service Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Administrative and Support Service Activities data was reported at 3.857 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.100 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Administrative and Support Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 8.434 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.099 % in 2015 and a record low of 0.329 % in 2016. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Administrative and Support Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 3.857 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Administrative and Support Service Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data was reported at 0.034 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.041 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.040 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.080 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.034 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Information and Communication data was reported at 1.467 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.840 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Information and Communication data is updated yearly, averaging 1.278 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.964 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.729 % in 2012. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Information and Communication data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 1.467 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Information and Communication from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Other Service Activities
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Other Service Activities data was reported at 0.048 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.051 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Other Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 0.038 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.072 % in 2017 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Other Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.048 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Other Service Activities from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Public Administration: Activities of Households and of Extraterritorial Organisations
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Public Administration: Activities of Households and of Extraterritorial Organisations data was reported at 0.000 % in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Public Administration: Activities of Households and of Extraterritorial Organisations data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2023. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Public Administration: Activities of Households and of Extraterritorial Organisations data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 0.000 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |
View Hungary's Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Public Administration: Activities of Households and of Extraterritorial Organisations from 2008 to 2023 in the chart:
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles
Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles data was reported at 4.810 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.535 % for 2022. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles data is updated yearly, averaging 4.843 % from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2023, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.292 % in 2008 and a record low of 3.569 % in 2021. Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: % of Total FDI: Total: Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hungary – Table HU.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment: % of Total FDI: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Nominal value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.
| Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|
| 4.810 2023 | yearly | 2008 - 2023 |