Denmark Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual

DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total

DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 60.644 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 56.174 % for 2021. DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 57.898 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 65.543 % in 2008 and a record low of 34.385 % in 1981. DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: % of National Total from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 23.043 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -2.408 % for 2021. DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 6.353 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.043 % in 2022 and a record low of -6.434 % in 2003. DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 31,115.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 25,288.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 15,240.445 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,115.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 2,333.000 FTE in 1981. DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Business Enterprise Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female

DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 7,921.000 Person in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8,668.000 Person for 2017. DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 6,915.100 Person from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2019, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,668.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 2,180.000 Person in 1998. DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 1998 to 2019 in the chart:

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DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total

DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 30,747.000 Person in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 31,008.000 Person for 2019. DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 28,252.000 Person from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2020, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,810.000 Person in 2016 and a record low of 9,881.000 Person in 1997. DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Business Enterprise Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1993 to 2020 in the chart:

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DK: Government Researchers: % of National Total

DK: Government Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 3.282 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.656 % for 2021. DK: Government Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 8.879 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25.866 % in 1981 and a record low of 3.014 % in 2012. DK: Government Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Government Researchers: % of National Total from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

DK: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.309 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.783 % for 2021. DK: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.041 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.457 % in 2017 and a record low of -8.908 % in 2000. DK: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Government Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 50.235 % in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 50.564 % for 2018. DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 36.594 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.812 % in 2017 and a record low of 33.695 % in 2010. DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1999 to 2019 in the chart:

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DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female

DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 1,390.000 Person in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,389.000 Person for 2018. DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 1,176.000 Person from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,355.000 Person in 1999 and a record low of 684.000 Person in 2010. DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Government Sector: Number of Researchers: Female from 1999 to 2019 in the chart:

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DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at -0.228 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.318 % for 2021. DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.234 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.035 % in 2017 and a record low of -9.732 % in 2008. DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 2,187.000 FTE in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,192.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 3,420.000 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,236.000 FTE in 1999 and a record low of 1,456.000 FTE in 2009. DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Government Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total

DK: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data was reported at 35.661 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.712 % for 2021. DK: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 35.159 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.712 % in 2021 and a record low of 28.885 % in 2002. DK: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Researchers: % of National Total from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate

DK: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 2.349 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.164 % for 2021. DK: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 4.136 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.610 % in 2008 and a record low of -3.487 % in 1999. DK: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Researchers: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 18,297.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,877.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 7,523.865 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,297.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 2,611.000 FTE in 1981. DK: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 44.546 % in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 43.665 % for 2018. DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 40.169 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.546 % in 2019 and a record low of 26.965 % in 1999. DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1999 to 2019 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total

DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 27,665.000 Person in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 27,513.000 Person for 2019. DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 22,971.000 Person from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28,000.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 9,809.000 Person in 1999. DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Sector: Number of Researchers: Total from 1997 to 2020 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 5.773 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.654 % for 2021. DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.749 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.414 % in 2008 and a record low of -5.468 % in 1998. DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 24,221.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,899.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 10,310.000 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,221.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 4,001.000 FTE in 1981. DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Higher Education Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female

DK: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data was reported at 35.317 % in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 35.736 % for 2017. DK: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 32.171 % from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.736 % in 2017 and a record low of 26.247 % in 2002. DK: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Number of Researchers: % of Total Researchers: Female from 1999 to 2019 in the chart:

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DK: Number of Researchers: Female

DK: Number of Researchers: Female data was reported at 21,746.000 Person in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 21,472.000 Person for 2017. DK: Number of Researchers: Female data is updated yearly, averaging 17,512.525 Person from Dec 1999 (Median) to 2019, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,746.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 7,661.000 Person in 1999. DK: Number of Researchers: Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Number of Researchers: Female from 1999 to 2019 in the chart:

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DK: Number of Researchers: Total

DK: Number of Researchers: Total data was reported at 61,481.000 Person in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 61,573.000 Person for 2019. DK: Number of Researchers: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 54,430.650 Person from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 61,573.000 Person in 2019 and a record low of 27,575.000 Person in 1997. DK: Number of Researchers: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Number of Researchers: Total from 1997 to 2020 in the chart:

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DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total

DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data was reported at 59.222 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 60.077 % for 2020. DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data is updated yearly, averaging 59.974 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.050 % in 2008 and a record low of 53.897 % in 1981. DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification. In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the 'industrial production and technology' socio-economic objective (increase) and the 'general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF' (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity. From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: % of National Total from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:

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DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 42,320.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 36,818.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 27,230.444 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42,320.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 8,880.000 FTE in 1981. DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry

DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 18.066 Per 1000 in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 18.658 Per 1000 for 2020. DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 14.221 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.412 Per 1000 in 2008 and a record low of 5.145 Per 1000 in 1981. DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification. In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the 'industrial production and technology' socio-economic objective (increase) and the 'general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF' (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity. From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

View Denmark's DK: Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:

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DK: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate

DK: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 1.458 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.713 % for 2022. DK: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 3.198 % from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2023, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24.930 % in 2008 and a record low of -4.558 % in 2009. DK: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Total R&D Personnel: Compound Annual Growth Rate from 1982 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 68,990.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 62,169.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 41,607.284 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 68,990.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 16,476.000 FTE in 1981. DK: Total R&D Personnel: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

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DK: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent

DK: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data was reported at 51,308.000 FTE in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 45,017.000 FTE for 2021. DK: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data is updated yearly, averaging 25,546.900 FTE from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51,308.000 FTE in 2022 and a record low of 6,785.000 FTE in 1981. DK: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Total Researchers: Full-Time Equivalent from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force

DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data was reported at 14.548 Per 1000 in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.528 Per 1000 for 2020. DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data is updated yearly, averaging 8.728 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2021, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.024 Per 1000 in 2016 and a record low of 2.536 Per 1000 in 1981. DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification. In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the 'industrial production and technology' socio-economic objective (increase) and the 'general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF' (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity. From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Labour Force from 1981 to 2021 in the chart:

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DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment

DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data was reported at 16.196 Per 1000 in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.751 Per 1000 for 2021. DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data is updated yearly, averaging 9.176 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.196 Per 1000 in 2022 and a record low of 2.741 Per 1000 in 1981. DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Denmark: from reference year 2007, the surveys are conducted by Statistics Denmark (previously by the Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy). Modifications in the questionnaires have increased the response rate; this is particularly noticeable in the Business enterprise sector where survey response is now mandatory. Additionally, due to changes in the administrative structure, a number of institutes, previously classified in the Government sector, were merged with universities.

Until 2002, the HE-sector R&D expenditure was underestimated as R&D carried out in hospital departments at the university-hospitals was included in the Government sector.

As of 2002, the business enterprise survey specifically requests data on researchers, technicians and other personnel. Earlier data for R&D personnel by occupation are based on qualification.

In 2017, unit reclassification led to a break in series in the “industrial production and technology” socio-economic objective (increase) and the “general advancement of knowledge, other than GUF” (decrease). From 2002, GBARD data include government-financed R&D on renewable energy. In 2001, a new principle concerning budgeting of commitments was introduced: commitments of grants are carried to the debit side at the time of entering the commitment, where previously commitment of grants was carried to the debit side at maturity.

From 1999, provincial and local government funding is included in the GBARD data (in particular funding in provincial hospitals), as well as funding from the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Investment Fund. In 1983, 1988, and 1993, the method for breaking down GBARD data by socio-economic objectives changed, leading to breaks in series.

View Denmark's DK: Total Researchers: Per Thousand Total Employment from 1981 to 2022 in the chart:

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