Australia Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry

Australia Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data was reported at 8.424 Per 1000 in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.488 Per 1000 for 2017. Australia Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 4.176 Per 1000 from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2019, with 33 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.547 Per 1000 in 2013 and a record low of 1.563 Per 1000 in 1981. Australia Total Business Enterprise R&D Personnel: Per Thousand Employment In Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.OECD.MSTI: Number of Researchers and Personnel on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual. From 2011, Australia has included submission from agencies that have previously not submitted R&D expenditure data. The agencies have been asked to provide retrospective time series and this results in a break in series in 2002 in GBARD data. From 1999, Australia has prepared its Federal Budget details according to the principles of accrual accounting, leading to a break in the series for GBARD data.;

Definition of MSTI variables 'Value Added of Industry' and 'Industrial Employment':

R&D data are typically expressed as a percentage of GDP to allow cross-country comparisons. When compiling such indicators for the business enterprise sector, one may wish to exclude, from GDP measures, economic activities for which the Business R&D (BERD) is null or negligible by definition. By doing so, the adjusted denominator (GDP, or Value Added, excluding non-relevant industries) better correspond to the numerator (BERD) with which it is compared to.

The MSTI variable 'Value added in industry' is used to this end:

It is calculated as the total Gross Value Added (GVA) excluding 'real estate activities' (ISIC rev.4 68) where the 'imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings', specific to the framework of the System of National Accounts, represents a significant share of total GVA and has no R&D counterpart. Moreover, the R&D performed by the community, social and personal services is mainly driven by R&D performers other than businesses.

Consequently, the following service industries are also excluded: ISIC rev.4 84 to 88 and 97 to 98. GVA data are presented at basic prices except for the People's Republic of China, Japan and New Zealand (expressed at producers' prices).In the same way, some indicators on R&D personnel in the business sector are expressed as a percentage of industrial employment. The latter corresponds to total employment excluding ISIC rev.4 68, 84 to 88 and 97 to 98.

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