Turkey External Debt: % of GDP
1989 - 2023 | Yearly | % | CEIC Data
Key information about Turkey External Debt: % of GDP
- Turkey External Debt accounted for 45.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 51.2 % in the previous year.
- Turkey External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1989 to Dec 2023.
- The data reached an all-time high of 59.8 % in Dec 2020 and a record low of 26.1 % in Dec 1990.
CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Treasury and Finance provides External Debt in USD. Turkish Statistical Institute provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 1998 is sourced directly from Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Treasury and Finance.
Related information about Turkey External Debt: % of GDP
- In the latest reports of Turkey, Current Account recorded a deficit of 2.6 USD bn in Jan 2024.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 910.0 USD mn in Jan 2024.
- Turkey Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 249.0 USD mn in Jan 2024.
- Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 7.5 USD bn in Dec 2023.
- The country's External Debt reached 499,885.7 in Dec 2023.
- The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 245.5 USD bn in Mar 2023.
View Turkey's External Debt: % of GDP from 1989 to 2023 in the chart:
What was Turkey's External Debt: % of GDP in 2023?
Turkey External Debt accounted for 45.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 51.2 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.
| Last | Previous | Min | Max | Unit | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 45.6 2023 | 51.2 2022 | 26.1 1990 | 59.8 2020 | % | yearly | 1989 - 2023 |
External Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison
Buy Selected Data
Includes External Debt: % of GDP on 109 economies standardised by CEIC. Instant access to full history data in excel.
| country/region | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania (%) | 54.1 2022 | yearly | 1991 - 2022 |
| Algeria (%) | 1.8 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
| Argentina (%) | 45.4 2023 | yearly | 1994 - 2023 |
| Armenia (%) | 63.9 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
| Australia (%) | 109.4 2023 | yearly | 1988 - 2023 |
| Austria (%) | 131.7 2022 | yearly | 1997 - 2022 |
| Azerbaijan (%) | 14.9 Dec 2021 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2021 |
| Bangladesh (%) | 11.4 2017 | yearly | 1997 - 2017 |
| Belarus (%) | 51.4 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 2000 - Dec 2023 |
| Belgium (%) | 237.7 2023 | yearly | 2007 - 2023 |
| Bolivia (%) | 35.3 2022 | yearly | 2006 - 2022 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) | 18.2 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
| Botswana (%) | 7.3 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Brazil (%) | 27.9 2023 | yearly | 1992 - 2023 |
| Bulgaria (%) | 48.3 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
| Cambodia (%) | 75.6 2022 | yearly | 2010 - 2022 |
| Canada (%) | 134.9 2022 | yearly | 1990 - 2022 |
| Chile (%) | 71.7 2023 | yearly | 1971 - 2023 |
| China (%) | 13.7 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
| Colombia (%) | 53.7 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
| Croatia (%) | 73.9 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Cyprus (%) | 609.6 2022 | yearly | 2004 - 2022 |
| Czech Republic (%) | 62.9 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Denmark (%) | 124.1 2022 | yearly | 2005 - 2022 |
| Ecuador (%) | 49.0 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
| Egypt (%) | 40.5 Jun 2023 | quarterly | Jun 1999 - Jun 2023 |
| Estonia (%) | 90.2 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
| European Union (%) | 117.3 2022 | yearly | 2008 - 2022 |
| Finland (%) | 215.1 2023 | yearly | 1991 - 2023 |
| France (%) | 245.8 2022 | yearly | 2004 - 2022 |
| Georgia (%) | 94.2 2022 | yearly | 1999 - 2022 |
| Germany (%) | 148.2 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
| Ghana (%) | 39.0 2022 | yearly | 1999 - 2022 |
| Greece (%) | 250.9 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Hong Kong SAR, China (%) | 480.1 2023 | yearly | 2001 - 2023 |
| Hungary (%) | 129.3 2023 | yearly | 2006 - 2023 |
| Iceland (%) | 71.6 2023 | yearly | 1989 - 2023 |
| India (%) | 18.9 2023 | yearly | 1970 - 2023 |
| Indonesia (%) | 29.7 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Iran (%) | 0.3 2023 | yearly | 1994 - 2023 |
| Ireland (%) | 563.9 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
| Israel (%) | 30.5 2023 | yearly | 1998 - 2023 |
| Italy (%) | 129.0 2022 | yearly | 2002 - 2022 |
| Ivory Coast (%) | 31.4 2021 | yearly | 1994 - 2021 |
| Japan (%) | 106.9 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Jordan (%) | 80.0 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
| Kazakhstan (%) | 62.5 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Dec 2023 |
| Kenya (%) | 35.0 2022 | yearly | 2006 - 2022 |
| South Korea (%) | 38.8 2023 | yearly | 1994 - 2023 |
| Kosovo (%) | 38.4 2022 | yearly | 2007 - 2022 |
| Kuwait (%) | 35.3 2022 | yearly | 2014 - 2022 |
| Kyrgyzstan (%) | 80.3 2022 | yearly | 2003 - 2022 |
| Laos (%) | 68.0 2022 | yearly | 1996 - 2022 |
| Latvia (%) | 98.6 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2000 - Dec 2023 |
| Lebanon (%) | 53.0 2020 | yearly | 2007 - 2020 |
| Lithuania (%) | 68.4 2023 | yearly | 1996 - 2023 |
| Luxembourg (%) | 4,321.4 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
| North Macedonia (%) | 83.7 2022 | yearly | 2004 - 2022 |
| Malawi (%) | 60.1 2021 | yearly | 2006 - 2021 |
| Malaysia (%) | 68.2 2023 | yearly | 2009 - 2023 |
| Malta (%) | 971.6 2022 | yearly | 2004 - 2022 |
| Mauritius (%) | 1,322.0 2023 | yearly | 2009 - 2023 |
| Mexico (%) | 33.3 2023 | yearly | 2002 - 2023 |
| Moldova (%) | 65.2 2022 | yearly | 2000 - 2022 |
| Mongolia (%) | 174.0 2023 | yearly | 1992 - 2023 |
| Montenegro (%) | 141.5 2022 | yearly | 2006 - 2022 |
| Morocco (%) | 50.9 2022 | yearly | 1970 - 2022 |
| Mozambique (%) | 71.7 2020 | yearly | 1985 - 2020 |
| Myanmar (%) | 16.7 2020 | yearly | 2018 - 2020 |
| Nepal (%) | 17.3 2016 | yearly | 2001 - 2016 |
| Netherlands (%) | 338.5 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| New Zealand (%) | 87.1 2023 | yearly | 1993 - 2023 |
| Nigeria (%) | 11.9 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
| Norway (%) | 152.5 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Pakistan (%) | 37.2 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
| Palestinian Territory (%) | 11.4 2022 | yearly | 2012 - 2022 |
| Panama (%) | 167.4 2021 | yearly | 2014 - 2021 |
| Paraguay (%) | 55.7 2023 | yearly | 2000 - 2023 |
| Peru (%) | 41.8 2022 | yearly | 1980 - 2022 |
| Philippines (%) | 28.7 2023 | yearly | 1990 - 2023 |
| Poland (%) | 49.5 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Portugal (%) | 166.0 2022 | yearly | 1996 - 2022 |
| Qatar (%) | 106.1 2018 | yearly | 2000 - 2018 |
| Romania (%) | 52.6 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Russia (%) | 15.7 2023 | yearly | 1993 - 2023 |
| Serbia (%) | 69.4 2022 | yearly | 2000 - 2022 |
| Singapore (%) | 391.1 2023 | yearly | 2003 - 2023 |
| Slovakia (%) | 96.5 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Slovenia (%) | 91.8 2023 | yearly | 2001 - 2023 |
| South Africa (%) | 41.8 2023 | yearly | 1985 - 2023 |
| Spain (%) | 165.5 2023 | yearly | 1995 - 2023 |
| Sri Lanka (%) | 75.0 2022 | yearly | 1998 - 2022 |
| Sudan (%) | 202.2 2021 | yearly | 2001 - 2021 |
| Sweden (%) | 166.4 2023 | yearly | 1997 - 2023 |
| Switzerland (%) | 241.1 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
| Taiwan (%) | 27.3 2023 | yearly | 1999 - 2023 |
| Tajikistan (%) | 37.7 2021 | yearly | 2000 - 2021 |
| Thailand (%) | 38.4 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2005 - Dec 2023 |
| Tunisia (%) | 92.1 2022 | yearly | 2002 - 2022 |
| Turkey (%) | 45.6 2023 | yearly | 1989 - 2023 |
Accurate Macro & Micro Economic Data You Can Trust
Explore the most complete set of 6.6 million time series covering more than 200 economies, 20 industries and 18 macroeconomic sectors.
Learn more about what we doTurkey Key Series
Buy Selected Data
Includes 250 key indicators for Turkey, curated by CEIC analysts. Instant access to full history data in excel.
| Government and Public Finance | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) | -5.3 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 2006 - Dec 2023 |
| Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) | -7,844.487 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| Tax Revenue (USD mn) | 13,220.533 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) | 18.0 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2006 - Dec 2023 |
| National Government Debt (USD mn) | 254,513.1 2022 | yearly | 2001 - 2022 |
| Government Debt: % of GDP (%) | 29.5 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 2001 - Dec 2023 |
| Forecast: Government Expenditure (TRY bn) | 62,930.420 2028 | yearly | 2000 - 2028 |
| Forecast: Government Net Debt (TRY bn) | 60,762.080 2028 | yearly | 2000 - 2028 |
| Forecast: Government Revenue (TRY bn) | 56,428.620 2028 | yearly | 2000 - 2028 |
| General Budget: Revenue (TRY mn) | 562,643.410 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: Expenditure (TRY mn) | 760,984.380 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: Cash Balance (TRY mn) | -198,340.970 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2005 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: Revenue (TRY th) | 1,109,903,150.658 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: Expenditure (EX) (TRY th) | 1,535,309,409.705 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: Revenue: Tax: Direct (TRY th) | 224,813,506.044 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: EX: Primary: Current Transfers (CT) (TRY th) | 701,496,210.599 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: Balance (TRY th) | -425,406,259.047 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: EX: Primary: Capital Expenditure (TRY th) | 39,280,820.339 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| General Budget: ytd: Revenue: Tax (TRY th) | 923,492,012.994 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2006 - Feb 2024 |
| Central Government Debt: External (TRY mn) | 538,505.357 Mar 2019 | monthly | Jan 2002 - Mar 2019 |
| Foreign Trade | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) | 7.230 2028 | yearly | 1980 - 2028 |
| Trade Balance (USD mn) | -8,483.7 Apr 2023 | monthly | Jan 2013 - Apr 2023 |
| Total Exports (USD mn) | 14,265.9 Dec 2019 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Dec 2019 |
| Total Exports Growth (%) | 0.9 May 2023 | monthly | Jan 2014 - May 2023 |
| Aluminum: Exports (USD th) | 5,241,090.145 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Exports: Medicament (USD th) | 1,290,644.710 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 651,764.672 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Total Imports (USD mn) | 17,684.5 Dec 2019 | monthly | Jan 1997 - Dec 2019 |
| Total Imports Growth (%) | 6.5 May 2023 | monthly | Jan 2014 - May 2023 |
| Imports: Medicament (USD th) | 2,306,593.258 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) | 2,692,489.997 2022 | yearly | 1995 - 2022 |
| Total Exports to USA (USD mn) | 1,332.448 Feb 2024 | monthly | Apr 1964 - Feb 2024 |
| Total Imports from USA (USD mn) | 1,337.223 Feb 2024 | monthly | Apr 1964 - Feb 2024 |
| Total Exports to China (USD mn) | 252.828 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2013 - Feb 2024 |
| Total Imports from China (USD mn) | 3,434.292 Feb 2024 | monthly | Sep 1992 - Feb 2024 |
| Trade Balance: USD (USD mn) | -2,136.727 Mar 2019 | monthly | Jan 1969 - Mar 2019 |
| Natural Gas: Annual: Production (Cub m mn) | 408.017 2022 | yearly | 1976 - 2022 |
| Monetary | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) | 1.5 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2024 |
| Household Debt: % of GDP (%) | 11.7 Sep 2023 | quarterly | Dec 2014 - Sep 2023 |
| Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) | 6,290.680 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Feb 2024 |
| Money Supply M1 (USD mn) | 164,594.042 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 1963 - Feb 2024 |
| Money Supply M2 (USD mn) | 450,114.582 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 1976 - Feb 2024 |
| M2 Growth (%) | 62.1 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 1977 - Feb 2024 |
| Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) | 8.0 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Mar 2024 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) | 71,600.0 Feb 2024 | monthly | Apr 2000 - Feb 2024 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) | 7.776 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Jun 2000 - Dec 2023 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) | 2.6 Feb 2024 | monthly | Apr 2000 - Feb 2024 |
| Gold Reserves (USD mn) | 48,378.000 Jan 2024 | monthly | Dec 1956 - Jan 2024 |
| Total Deposits (USD mn) | 486,028.613 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 2002 - Feb 2024 |
| Total Deposits Growth (%) | 60.4 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 2003 - Feb 2024 |
| Domestic Credit (USD mn) | 519,194.2 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Feb 2024 |
| Domestic Credit Growth (%) | 58.0 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Feb 2024 |
| Debt Service Ratio: Private Non-Financial Sector (%) | 23.000 Sep 2023 | quarterly | Mar 2002 - Sep 2023 |
| Credit to Households (USD bn) | 93.089 Sep 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1986 - Sep 2023 |
| Credit to Private Non-Financial Sector (USD bn) | 512.544 Sep 2023 | quarterly | Mar 1986 - Sep 2023 |
| Household Debt (USD mn) | 89,667.2 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Feb 2024 |
| Total Loans (USD mn) | 324,417.133 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 1986 - Feb 2024 |
| Total Loans Growth (%) | 53.42 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 1987 - Feb 2024 |
| Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) | 33.94 Dec 2023 | quarterly | Dec 1998 - Dec 2023 |
| Money Supply: M3 (TRY th) | 14,588,900,986.000 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 2005 - Feb 2024 |
| Asset Quality: Banking Sector: NPL to Total Loan (%) | 1.545 Feb 2024 | monthly | Jan 2003 - Feb 2024 |
| Business and Economic Survey | Last | Frequency | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business Confidence Growth (% Point) | -0.6 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 2008 - Mar 2024 |
| Composite Leading Indicator Index: Trend Restored (NA) | 392.630 Feb 2024 | monthly | Dec 1987 - Feb 2024 |
| Real Sector Confidence Index: CANE 2: Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 103.500 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 2007 - Mar 2024 |
| Retail Trade Confidence Index (RCI): Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 113.301 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Mar 2024 |
| Construction Confidence Index (CCI): Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 88.554 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Mar 2024 |
| Services Sector Confidence Index (SCI): Seasonally Adjusted (sa) (Point) | 120.433 Mar 2024 | monthly | Jan 2011 - Mar 2024 |
More Indicators for Turkey
Request a demo of CEIC
CEIC’s economic databases cover over 200 global markets. Our Platform offers the most reliable macroeconomic data and advanced analytical tools.
Please note, product demos are not available for students. Please click here to find out more about the version of CEIC available for student users.
Balance of Payments
Balance of Payments: Current Account
BPM6: Balance of Payments: Analytical Presentation: Annual
BPM6: Balance of Payments: Detailed Presentation: Annual
BPM6: Balance of Payments: USD: OECD Member: Annual
BPM6: Balance of Payments: USD: Quarterly
BPM6: International Investment Position
Businesses Registered Statistics
Established and Liquidated Companies
External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings
External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service
External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers
External Debt Outstanding: by Borrower
External Debt Outstanding: by Lender
External Debt Outstanding: Central Government
External Debt Outstanding: Public Sector
External Debt Service: Principal and Interest Payments
External Debt: Terms and Undisbursed Debt
Foreign Direct Investment: by Number of Companies
Foreign Direct Investment: Flow: by Country: Annual
Foreign Direct Investment: Flow: by Industry: Annual
Investment Abroad: Debt Securities
Investment Abroad: Direct: Flow: by Industry
Investment Abroad: Direct: Stock: by Industry: NACE 2
Investment Abroad: Portfolio
Investment Incentive Certificates: by Type
Treasury Guaranteed External Debt Stock
Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account
BPM6: Balance of Payments: Analytical Presentation
BPM6: Balance of Payments: Detailed Presentation
BPM6: Balance of Payments: USD: Annual
BPM6: Balance of Payments: USD: OECD Member: Quarterly
BPM6: External Debt Outstanding: by Borrower
BPM6: International Investment Position: Annual
Company Statistics
External Debt: Amortization
External Debt: Commitments and Currency Composition
External Debt: Disbursements and Interest Payment
External Debt Outstanding: Annual
External Debt Outstanding: by Currency Composition
External Debt Outstanding: Central Bank
External Debt Outstanding: Private Sector
External Debt Position
External Debt Stock
Financing From International Monetary Fund
Foreign Direct Investment: Flow: by Country
Foreign Direct Investment: Flow: by Industry
Gross Domestic Product: by Expenditure: Seasonally Adjusted: Quarterly
Investment Abroad: Direct: Flow: by Country
Investment Abroad: Direct: Stock: by Country
Investment Abroad: Equities
Investment Incentive Certificates: by Industry
Investment Statistics