Romania External Debt: % of GDP

1995 - 2023 | Yearly | % | CEIC Data

Key information about Romania External Debt: % of GDP

  • Romania External Debt accounted for 52.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 50.6 % in the previous year.
  • Romania External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2023.
  • The data reached an all-time high of 72.9 % in Dec 2010 and a record low of 18.3 % in Dec 1995.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. External Debt is calculated as the sum of Long Term and Short Term External Debt. The National Bank of Romania provides External Debt in EUR based on BPM6. The National Institute of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency. The National Bank of Romania average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt prior to 2008 is based on BPM5. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2001 is calculated from External Debt sourced from the World Bank and Nominal GDP sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Related information about Romania External Debt: % of GDP

  • In the latest reports of Romania, Current Account recorded a deficit of 1.5 USD bn in Jan 2024.
  • Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 725.9 USD mn in Jan 2024.
  • Romania Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 93.7 USD mn in Jan 2024.
  • Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 884.3 USD mn in Dec 2023.
  • The country's External Debt reached 169,046.9 in Apr 2023.
  • The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 86.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.

View Romania's External Debt: % of GDP from 1995 to 2023 in the chart:

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Romania External Debt: % of GDP
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Romania External Debt: % of GDP

What was Romania's External Debt: % of GDP in 2023?

Romania External Debt accounted for 52.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 50.6 % in the previous year. See the table below for more data.

Last Previous Min Max Unit Frequency Range
52.6 2023 50.6 2022 18.3 1995 72.9 2010 % yearly 1995 - 2023

External Debt: % of GDP by Country Comparison

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country/region Last Frequency Range
Albania (%) 54.1 2022 yearly 1991 - 2022
Algeria (%) 1.8 2022 yearly 1970 - 2022
Argentina (%) 45.4 2023 yearly 1994 - 2023
Armenia (%) 63.9 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
Australia (%) 109.4 2023 yearly 1988 - 2023
Austria (%) 131.7 2022 yearly 1997 - 2022
Azerbaijan (%) 14.9 Dec 2021 quarterly Dec 2001 - Dec 2021
Bangladesh (%) 11.4 2017 yearly 1997 - 2017
Belarus (%) 51.4 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2000 - Dec 2023
Belgium (%) 237.7 2023 yearly 2007 - 2023
Bolivia (%) 35.3 2022 yearly 2006 - 2022
Bosnia and Herzegovina (%) 18.2 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Botswana (%) 7.3 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Brazil (%) 27.9 2023 yearly 1992 - 2023
Bulgaria (%) 48.3 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Cambodia (%) 75.6 2022 yearly 2010 - 2022
Canada (%) 134.9 2022 yearly 1990 - 2022
Chile (%) 71.7 2023 yearly 1971 - 2023
China (%) 13.7 2023 yearly 1985 - 2023
Colombia (%) 53.7 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Croatia (%) 73.9 2022 yearly 1998 - 2022
Cyprus (%) 609.6 2022 yearly 2004 - 2022
Czech Republic (%) 62.9 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Denmark (%) 130.7 2023 yearly 2005 - 2023
Ecuador (%) 49.0 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Egypt (%) 40.5 Jun 2023 quarterly Jun 1999 - Jun 2023
Estonia (%) 90.2 2023 yearly 1996 - 2023
European Union (%) 117.3 2022 yearly 2008 - 2022
Finland (%) 215.1 2023 yearly 1991 - 2023
France (%) 245.8 2022 yearly 2004 - 2022
Georgia (%) 94.2 2022 yearly 1999 - 2022
Germany (%) 148.2 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Ghana (%) 39.0 2022 yearly 1999 - 2022
Greece (%) 250.9 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
Hong Kong SAR, China (%) 480.1 2023 yearly 2001 - 2023
Hungary (%) 129.3 2023 yearly 2006 - 2023
Iceland (%) 71.6 2023 yearly 1989 - 2023
India (%) 18.9 2023 yearly 1970 - 2023
Indonesia (%) 29.7 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
Iran (%) 0.3 2023 yearly 1994 - 2023
Ireland (%) 563.9 2023 yearly 2002 - 2023
Israel (%) 30.5 2023 yearly 1998 - 2023
Italy (%) 129.0 2022 yearly 2002 - 2022
Ivory Coast (%) 31.4 2021 yearly 1994 - 2021
Japan (%) 106.9 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
Jordan (%) 80.0 2022 yearly 1970 - 2022
Kazakhstan (%) 62.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2002 - Dec 2023
Kenya (%) 35.0 2022 yearly 2006 - 2022
South Korea (%) 38.8 2023 yearly 1994 - 2023
Kosovo (%) 38.4 2022 yearly 2007 - 2022
Kuwait (%) 35.3 2022 yearly 2014 - 2022
Kyrgyzstan (%) 80.3 2022 yearly 2003 - 2022
Laos (%) 68.0 2022 yearly 1996 - 2022
Latvia (%) 98.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Dec 2023
Lebanon (%) 53.0 2020 yearly 2007 - 2020
Lithuania (%) 68.4 2023 yearly 1996 - 2023
Luxembourg (%) 4,321.4 2023 yearly 2002 - 2023
North Macedonia (%) 83.7 2022 yearly 2004 - 2022
Malawi (%) 60.1 2021 yearly 2006 - 2021
Malaysia (%) 68.2 2023 yearly 2009 - 2023
Malta (%) 971.6 2022 yearly 2004 - 2022
Mauritius (%) 1,322.0 2023 yearly 2009 - 2023
Mexico (%) 33.3 2023 yearly 2002 - 2023
Moldova (%) 65.2 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Mongolia (%) 174.0 2023 yearly 1992 - 2023
Montenegro (%) 141.5 2022 yearly 2006 - 2022
Morocco (%) 50.9 2022 yearly 1970 - 2022
Mozambique (%) 71.7 2020 yearly 1985 - 2020
Myanmar (%) 16.7 2020 yearly 2018 - 2020
Nepal (%) 17.3 2016 yearly 2001 - 2016
Netherlands (%) 338.5 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
New Zealand (%) 87.1 2023 yearly 1993 - 2023
Nigeria (%) 11.9 2023 yearly 1985 - 2023
Norway (%) 152.5 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
Pakistan (%) 37.2 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
Palestinian Territory (%) 11.4 2022 yearly 2012 - 2022
Panama (%) 167.4 2021 yearly 2014 - 2021
Paraguay (%) 55.7 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
Peru (%) 41.8 2022 yearly 1980 - 2022
Philippines (%) 28.7 2023 yearly 1990 - 2023
Poland (%) 49.5 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Portugal (%) 166.0 2022 yearly 1996 - 2022
Qatar (%) 106.1 2018 yearly 2000 - 2018
Romania (%) 52.6 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Russia (%) 15.7 2023 yearly 1993 - 2023
Serbia (%) 69.4 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Singapore (%) 391.1 2023 yearly 2003 - 2023
Slovakia (%) 96.5 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Slovenia (%) 91.8 2023 yearly 2001 - 2023
South Africa (%) 41.8 2023 yearly 1985 - 2023
Spain (%) 165.5 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
Sri Lanka (%) 75.0 2022 yearly 1998 - 2022
Sudan (%) 202.2 2021 yearly 2001 - 2021
Sweden (%) 166.4 2023 yearly 1997 - 2023
Switzerland (%) 241.1 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Taiwan (%) 27.3 2023 yearly 1999 - 2023
Tajikistan (%) 37.7 2021 yearly 2000 - 2021
Thailand (%) 38.4 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2005 - Dec 2023
Tunisia (%) 92.1 2022 yearly 2002 - 2022
Turkey (%) 45.6 2023 yearly 1989 - 2023

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Romania Key Series

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Includes 237 key indicators for Romania, curated by CEIC analysts. Instant access to full history data in excel.
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Government and Public Finance Last Frequency Range
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) -5.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2004 - Dec 2023
National Government Debt (USD mn) 174,424.0 Jan 2024 monthly Nov 2011 - Jan 2024
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 48.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2011 - Dec 2023
Forecast: Government Expenditure (RON bn) 823.575 2028 yearly 1990 - 2028
Forecast: Government Net Debt (RON bn) 1,382.850 2028 yearly 2000 - 2028
Forecast: Government Revenue (RON bn) 700.090 2028 yearly 1990 - 2028
General Government Budget: Cons: ytd: Expenditure: Current (RON mn) 104,405.272 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2006 - Feb 2024
General Government Budget: Cons: ytd: Revenue: Current (RON mn) 78,318.384 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2006 - Feb 2024
General Government Budget: Cons: ytd: Expenditure (RON mn) 115,659.931 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2004 - Feb 2024
General Government Budget: Cons: ytd: Balance (RON mn) -28,987.285 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2004 - Feb 2024
General Government Budget: Cons: ytd: Revenue (RON mn) 86,672.646 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2004 - Feb 2024
Public Debt: General Government: Domestic (RON mn) 553,386.700 2023 yearly 2000 - 2023
Public Debt: General Government (RON mn) 955,893.300 Jan 2024 monthly Jun 2007 - Jan 2024
Foreign Trade Last Frequency Range
Forecast: Exports of Goods Growth (%) 4.767 2028 yearly 1980 - 2028
Trade Balance (USD mn) -2,134.5 Jan 2024 monthly Aug 1990 - Jan 2024
Total Exports (USD mn) 8,587.9 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Feb 2024
Total Exports Growth (%) 1.0 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2004 - Feb 2024
Aluminum: Exports (USD th) 1,360,484.318 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Exports: Medicament (USD th) 987,067.112 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Exports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) 75,037.147 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Total Imports (USD mn) 10,934.3 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Feb 2024
Total Imports Growth (%) 2.0 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2004 - Feb 2024
Imports: Medicament (USD th) 3,688,977.527 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Imports: Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Product (USD th) 1,171,636.247 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) 185.889 Dec 2023 monthly Sep 1999 - Dec 2023
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) 134.617 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 1981 - Dec 2023
Total Exports to China (USD mn) 60.872 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 1981 - Dec 2023
Total Imports from China (USD mn) 542.505 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 1981 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: BEC: Fuel & Lubricants (EUR mn) 296.800 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: BEC: Consumer Goods (EUR mn) 942.200 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: BEC: Foods & Beverages (FB) (EUR mn) 598.200 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: BEC: Transport Equipment & Parts & Accessories (TE) (EUR mn) 1,410.500 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: BEC: Industrial Supplies (EUR mn) 1,304.400 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: Italy (EUR mn) 584.300 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: France (EUR mn) 425.300 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: Hungary (EUR mn) 268.000 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: Germany (EUR mn) 1,195.100 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Exports: FOB: Turkey (EUR mn) 241.300 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Export Unit Value Index: EUR (Prev Year=100) 116.800 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Imports: CIF: BEC: Industrial Supplies (EUR mn) 2,414.600 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: BEC: Consumer Goods (EUR mn) 1,356.100 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: BEC: Foods & Beverages (FB) (EUR mn) 991.300 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: BEC: Transport Equipment & Parts & Accessories (TE) (EUR mn) 1,343.600 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: BEC: Fuel & Lubricants (EUR mn) 901.300 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: Russian Federation (EUR mn) 22.800 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: Hungary (EUR mn) 614.400 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: Germany (EUR mn) 1,766.500 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: Italy (EUR mn) 801.100 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Imports: CIF: Turkey (EUR mn) 524.900 Dec 2023 monthly Apr 2003 - Dec 2023
Import Unit Value Index: EUR (Prev Year=100) 117.700 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Energy Consumption: Gross Domestic (GD) (TOE th) 31,462.000 2022 yearly 1993 - 2022
Energy Production: Crude Oil (TOE th) 3,548.000 2017 yearly 1992 - 2017
Natural Gas: Indigenous Production (Cub m mn) 785.000 Nov 2023 monthly Jan 2010 - Nov 2023
Balance of Payments Last Frequency Range
Direct Investment Abroad (USD mn) 93.7 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2005 - Jan 2024
Current Account Balance (USD mn) -1,480.1 Jan 2024 monthly Jun 2002 - Jan 2024
Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) -7.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2023
Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) 725.9 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2005 - Jan 2024
Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) 1.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment (USD mn) 884.341 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2005 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: % of GDP (%) 0.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Equity Securities (USD mn) -237.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2005 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities (USD mn) 1,120.912 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2005 - Dec 2023
External Debt (USD mn) 169,046.9 Apr 2023 monthly Dec 2004 - Apr 2023
External Debt: % of GDP (%) 52.6 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
External Debt: Short Term (USD mn) 51,975.5 Jan 2024 monthly Dec 2004 - Jan 2024
External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP (%) 15.0 2023 yearly 2004 - 2023
Total Debt: % of GDP (%) 251.7 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Sep 2023
Forecast: Current Account Balance (USD bn) -30.463 2028 yearly 1980 - 2028
Net International Investment Position (USD mn) -142,175.461 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1998 - Dec 2023
BoP: Liabilities: FA: PI: Equity & Investment Fund Shares (EUR mn) -50.000 Nov 2018 monthly Jan 2005 - Nov 2018
International Investment Position (IIP): Net (EUR mn) -128,526.000 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
IIP: Assets (EUR mn) 125,964.000 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
IIP: Liabilities (EUR mn) 254,491.000 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
Gross External Debt: Total (EUR mn) 170,082.900 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
External Debt: Long Term (EUR mn) 67,725.800 Nov 2018 monthly Jan 2008 - Nov 2018
External Debt Service: Long Term (LT) (EUR mn) 1,091.200 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2008 - Jan 2024
External Debt Service: Short Term (EUR mn) 5,155.900 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2008 - Jan 2024
FDI: Stock: BPM6: Financial Intermediation & Insurance (EUR mn) 14,285.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: BPM6: Industry: Manufacturing (Mfg) (EUR mn) 32,577.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: BPM6: Industry: Electricity, Heating, Natural Gas & Water (EUR mn) 5,651.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: BPM6: Industry (EUR mn) 42,148.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: BPM6: Trade (EUR mn) 19,139.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Stock (EUR mn) 107,944.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: Country of Origin: ow France (EUR mn) 6,504.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: Country of Origin: ow Netherlands (EUR mn) 23,606.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: Country of Origin: ow Austria (EUR mn) 12,901.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: Country of Origin: ow Italy (EUR mn) 8,150.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Stock: Country of Origin: ow Germany (EUR mn) 14,012.000 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
Monetary Last Frequency Range
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) 2.4 Jan 2024 monthly Sep 2014 - Jan 2024
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) 15.3 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Sep 2023
Non-Performing Loans (USD mn) 1,741.139 Sep 2017 monthly Jun 2015 - Sep 2017
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) 88,333.869 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2001 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) 147,945.850 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2001 - Feb 2024
M2 Growth (%) 10.7 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2002 - Feb 2024
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) 8.0 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2006 - Feb 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) 65,735.5 Mar 2024 monthly Apr 2005 - Mar 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) 17.474 Dec 2023 quarterly Jun 2005 - Dec 2023
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) 5.9 Feb 2024 monthly Apr 2005 - Feb 2024
Gold Reserves (USD mn) 7,443.340 Mar 2024 monthly Dec 1973 - Mar 2024
Total Deposits (USD mn) 168,264.647 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2007 - Feb 2024
Total Deposits Growth (%) 14.4 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2008 - Feb 2024
Domestic Credit (USD mn) 127,282.5 Jan 2024 monthly Dec 2004 - Jan 2024
Domestic Credit Growth (%) 8.3 Jan 2024 monthly Dec 2005 - Jan 2024
Household Debt (USD mn) 50,322.9 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Sep 2023
Total Loans (USD mn) 128,747.939 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2007 - Feb 2024
Total Loans Growth (%) 13.47 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2008 - Feb 2024
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) 23.06 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
Broad Money: Narrow Money (M1) (RON mn) 404,772.290 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2004 - Feb 2024
Broad Money: M3 (RON mn) 677,932.269 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2004 - Feb 2024
Broad Money: M2 (RON mn) 677,932.269 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2004 - Feb 2024
Official Reserve Assets (EUR mn) 71,177.370 Mar 2024 monthly Apr 2005 - Mar 2024
Official Reserve Assets: Foreign Currency Reserves in Convertible Foreign Curren... (EUR mn) 60,916.970 Mar 2024 monthly Apr 2005 - Mar 2024
Prudential Ratios: Non Performing Loans Ratio: EBA Definition (%) 2.390 Jan 2024 monthly Sep 2014 - Jan 2024
Business and Economic Survey Last Frequency Range
Business Confidence Growth (% Point) -0.8 Mar 2024 monthly Jul 1992 - Mar 2024
RO: Ease of Doing Business Rank: 1=Most Business-friendly Regulations (NA) 55.000 2019 yearly 2019 - 2019

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