European Union Household Debt

1999 - 2024 | Monthly | USD mn | CEIC Data

Key information about European Union Household Debt

  • European Union Household Debt reached 7,156.8 USD bn in Feb 2024, compared with the reported number of 7,191.7 USD bn in the previous month
  • EU Household Debt: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to Feb 2024
  • The data reached an all-time high of 7,744.8 USD bn in Apr 2011 and a record low of 2,500.5 USD bn in Oct 2000

CEIC converts monthly Household Debt into USD. European Central Bank provides Household Debt in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Loans are used due to the lack of Flow of Funds statistics. Household Debt includes Mortgages and Consumer Loans.


Further information about European Union Household Debt

  • In the latest reports, European Union Household Debt accounted for 46.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2023
  • Money Supply M2 in European Union increased 16,362.0 USD bn YoY in Jan 2024
  • European Union Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 297.4 USD bn in Feb 2024
  • The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 1.3 Months of Import in Jan 2024
  • European Union Domestic Credit reached 25,578.9 USD bn in Jan 2024, representing an drop of 0.9 % YoY

View European Union's Household Debt from Jan 1999 to Feb 2024 in the chart:

European Union Household Debt

What was European Union's Household Debt in Feb 2024?

European Union Household Debt reached 7,156.8 USD bn in Feb 2024, compared with the reported number of 7,191.7 USD bn in the previous month See the table below for more data.

Last Previous Min Max Unit Frequency Range
7,156,841.8 Feb 2024 7,191,719.8 Jan 2024 2,500,539.1 Oct 2000 7,744,751.8 Apr 2011 USD mn monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024

Household Debt by Country Comparison

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Includes Household Debt on 89 economies standardised by CEIC. Instant access to full history data in excel.
country/region Last Frequency Range
Albania (USD mn) 2,880.4 Jan 2024 monthly Jul 2007 - Jan 2024
Argentina (USD mn) 10,438.7 Mar 2024 monthly Jul 2002 - Mar 2024
Armenia (USD mn) 6,107.1 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2024
Australia (USD mn) 2,081,149.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Jun 1988 - Dec 2023
Austria (USD mn) 229,279.1 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Sep 2023
Azerbaijan (USD mn) 8,394.5 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2005 - Feb 2024
Belarus (USD mn) 6,642.0 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2006 - Feb 2024
Belgium (USD mn) 365,548.5 Dec 2022 quarterly Dec 1992 - Dec 2022
Bolivia (USD mn) 5,097.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Jun 1999 - Dec 2023
Bosnia and Herzegovina (USD mn) 6,569.7 Feb 2024 monthly Aug 1997 - Feb 2024
Botswana (USD mn) 3,911.4 Jan 2024 monthly Dec 2002 - Jan 2024
Brunei (USD mn) 2,130.8 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 2011 - Mar 2023
Bulgaria (USD mn) 23,680.7 2021 yearly 1995 - 2021
Cambodia (USD mn) 11,960.2 Feb 2024 monthly Jul 2008 - Feb 2024
Canada (USD mn) 2,181,527.2 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1969 - Jan 2024
Chile (USD mn) 116,924.2 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2009 - Feb 2024
China (USD mn) 11,313,226.3 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2007 - Jan 2024
Colombia (USD mn) 79,476.4 Jan 2024 monthly Apr 1995 - Jan 2024
Croatia (USD mn) 23,656.6 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 2012 - Dec 2022
Cyprus (USD mn) 26,203.9 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Czech Republic (USD mn) 116,422.8 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2004 - Sep 2023
Denmark (USD mn) 353,730.6 2022 yearly 1994 - 2022
Ecuador (USD mn) 20,338.4 Mar 2024 monthly Oct 2006 - Mar 2024
Egypt (USD mn) 31,664.7 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2002 - Feb 2024
Estonia (USD mn) 14,990.1 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2003 - Sep 2023
European Union (USD mn) 7,156,841.8 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024
Finland (USD mn) 229,428.1 2023 yearly 1995 - 2023
France (USD mn) 2,117,386.8 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 1977 - Sep 2023
Georgia (USD mn) 10,111.0 Dec 2023 monthly Oct 2003 - Dec 2023
Germany (USD mn) 2,275,560.0 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1991 - Sep 2023
Greece (USD mn) 111,200.2 Dec 2022 quarterly Dec 1997 - Dec 2022
Hong Kong SAR, China (USD mn) 355,071.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1982 - Dec 2023
Hungary (USD mn) 43,819.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1989 - Dec 2023
Iceland (USD mn) 23,011.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1991 - Dec 2023
India (USD mn) 440,993.6 2022 yearly 1998 - 2022
Indonesia (USD mn) 128,780.4 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Feb 2024
Ireland (USD mn) 152,917.8 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2002 - Sep 2023
Israel (USD mn) 218,118.1 Jan 2024 monthly Sep 1992 - Jan 2024
Italy (USD mn) 1,077,292.4 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Sep 2023
Japan (USD mn) 2,751,357.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1997 - Dec 2023
Jordan (USD mn) 41,359.7 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Kazakhstan (USD mn) 42,071.5 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 1997 - Feb 2024
South Korea (USD mn) 1,742,901.9 Mar 2023 quarterly Dec 2002 - Mar 2023
Kosovo (USD mn) 2,112.0 Feb 2024 monthly Sep 2002 - Feb 2024
Kuwait (USD mn) 2,157.4 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Kyrgyzstan (USD mn) 981.1 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1996 - Feb 2024
Latvia (USD mn) 8,741.5 Jun 2023 quarterly Mar 2004 - Jun 2023
Lithuania (USD mn) 18,384.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Dec 2023
Luxembourg (USD mn) 57,107.4 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1995 - Mar 2023
Macau SAR, China (USD mn) 41,973.8 Mar 2023 quarterly Dec 1998 - Mar 2023
North Macedonia (USD mn) 4,031.3 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Feb 2024
Malawi (USD mn) 17.7 Dec 2011 monthly Jan 2006 - Dec 2011
Malaysia (USD mn) 334,204.7 2023 yearly 2002 - 2023
Malta (USD mn) 9,160.4 Feb 2024 monthly Oct 2003 - Feb 2024
Mexico (USD mn) 305,880.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 2000 - Dec 2023
Mongolia (USD mn) 4,834.2 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2004 - Feb 2024
Montenegro (USD mn) 1,858.0 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2004 - Feb 2024
Morocco (USD mn) 34,133.5 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2001 - Feb 2024
Netherlands (USD mn) 1,056,791.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
New Zealand (USD mn) 226,676.0 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 1990 - Feb 2024
Norway (USD mn) 463,793.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1995 - Dec 2023
Panama (USD mn) 32,052.6 Feb 2024 monthly Oct 2005 - Feb 2024
Peru (USD mn) 45,017.5 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2001 - Feb 2024
Philippines (USD mn) 47,047.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2009 - Dec 2023
Poland (USD mn) 186,748.1 Sep 2023 quarterly Dec 2003 - Sep 2023
Portugal (USD mn) 190,497.6 Dec 2022 quarterly Dec 1994 - Dec 2022
Romania (USD mn) 52,394.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2007 - Dec 2023
Russia (USD mn) 391,435.0 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2000 - Feb 2024
Saudi Arabia (USD mn) 125,038.9 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1998 - Dec 2023
Serbia (USD mn) 13,710.3 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2003 - Feb 2024
Singapore (USD mn) 271,296.0 Feb 2024 monthly Mar 2004 - Feb 2024
Slovakia (USD mn) 58,762.6 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2004 - Sep 2023
Slovenia (USD mn) 19,261.1 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2004 - Dec 2023
South Africa (USD mn) 155,607.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1969 - Dec 2023
Spain (USD mn) 818,521.0 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1989 - Dec 2023
Sri Lanka (USD mn) 5,580.5 Jun 2023 quarterly Jun 2010 - Jun 2023
Sweden (USD mn) 542,983.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1996 - Dec 2023
Switzerland (USD mn) 1,085,441.0 2022 yearly 1999 - 2022
Syria (USD mn) 8,543.6 Dec 2011 monthly Dec 2006 - Dec 2011
Taiwan (USD mn) 674,808.7 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Thailand (USD mn) 436,311.8 Dec 2022 quarterly Mar 2003 - Dec 2022
Tunisia (USD mn) 14.4 Mar 2021 monthly Jan 2007 - Mar 2021
Turkey (USD mn) 89,667.2 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1986 - Feb 2024
Ukraine (USD mn) 6,417.2 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 2002 - Feb 2024
United Arab Emirates (USD mn) 457,475.8 Apr 2023 monthly Dec 2013 - Apr 2023
United Kingdom (USD mn) 2,858,290.6 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1987 - Dec 2023
United States (USD mn) 17,291,000.0 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Sep 2023
Uruguay (USD mn) 6,856.5 May 2022 monthly Jun 2005 - May 2022
Venezuela (USD mn) 27.5 Mar 2023 monthly Jan 2004 - Mar 2023

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European Union Key Series

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Includes 535 key indicators for European Union, curated by CEIC analysts. Instant access to full history data in excel.
Government and Public Finance Last Frequency Range
Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP (%) -3.3 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Consolidated Fiscal Balance (USD mn) -557,108.519 2022 yearly 1999 - 2022
Tax Revenue (USD mn) 4,471,962.022 2022 yearly 1999 - 2022
Tax Revenue: % of GDP (%) 26.7 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
National Government Debt (USD mn) 14,589,252.7 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Sep 2023
Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 82.4 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Sep 2023
BE: General Government Debt: % of GDP (%) 104.300 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 19 (EUR mn) 6,781,896.800 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Revenue: EA 19 (EUR mn) 6,296,074.300 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Balance: EA 19 (EUR mn) -485,822.400 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Revenue: EA 19: Current Taxes on Income Wealth and Etc (EUR mn) 1,503,285.600 2018 yearly 1995 - 2018
General Govt: Revenue: EA 19: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 1,504,935.500 2018 yearly 1995 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 28: Current Taxes on Income Wealth (EUR mn) 3,875.300 2018 yearly 2001 - 2018
General Govt: Revenue: EU 28: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 2,129,883.400 2018 yearly 2001 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 19: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 123,173.500 2018 yearly 1995 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 28: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 158,376.700 2018 yearly 2001 - 2018
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 27E: Total (EUR mn) 7,893,695.700 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 27E: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 295,162.600 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Expenditure: EU 27E: Cur Taxes on Income Wealth & Etc (EUR mn) 7,148.800 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Revenue: EU 27E: Total (EUR mn) 7,363,891.900 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Revenue: EU 27E: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 2,115,857.300 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Balance: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR mn) -531,377.500 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Balance: EA 20 (EUR mn) -486,456.700 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Revenue: EA 20: Production and Import Tax (EUR mn) 1,745,756.200 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 20: Capital Transfer (EUR mn) 265,896.400 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Revenue: EA 20 (EUR mn) 6,326,685.200 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
General Govt: Expenditure: EA 20 (EUR mn) 6,812,432.000 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
SSC: Balance: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR mn) 41,509.300 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
SSC: Balance: EA 20 (EUR mn) 40,194.900 2022 yearly 1995 - 2022
Gross Debt: General Government: EU 27 excl UK (EUR mn) 13,784,252.300 Sep 2023 quarterly Mar 2000 - Sep 2023
Gross Debt: General Govt: SFD: Long Term: EU 27 excl UK (EUR mn) 10,184,941.700 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Gross Debt: General Govt: SFD: Short Term: EU 27 excl UK (EUR mn) 689,680.000 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
General Government Debt: % of GDP: EU 27 excl UK (%) 83.500 2022 yearly 2000 - 2022
Foreign Trade Last Frequency Range
Trade Balance (USD mn) 26,688.4 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Exports (USD mn) 230,890.1 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Exports Growth (%) -1.3 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Jan 2024
Total Imports (USD mn) 204,201.7 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Imports Growth (%) -20.1 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2003 - Jan 2024
Total Exports to USA (USD mn) 46,020.373 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Imports from USA (USD mn) 30,430.226 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Exports to China (USD mn) 19,874.653 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Imports from China (USD mn) 37,673.265 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
AT: Exports Volume Index: swda (2015=100) 105.000 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2000 - Dec 2023
AT: Imports Volume Index: swda (2015=100) 93.900 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2000 - Dec 2023
BE: Trade Balance: swda (EUR mn) 872.400 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jan 2024
Trade Balance: EA 19 (EUR bn) 22.51 Jun 2018 monthly Jan 1999 - Jun 2018
Exports: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 75.377 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 44.525 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 34.092 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 4.222 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 13.662 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 56.766 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 43.113 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 20.204 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 6.096 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 10.865 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: EU 28: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 2.838 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Exports: EU 28: MP: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 14.257 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Imports: EU 28: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 3.146 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Imports: EU 28: MP: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 7.177 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 2000 - Feb 2019
Exports: EU 27E: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 3.085 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 25.952 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: OP: MG: Iron & Steel (EUR bn) 4.249 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: CR: Medicinal & Pharmaceutical (EUR bn) 9.286 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 73.866 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 42.545 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 45.623 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible except Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 4.551 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 16.136 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 60.771 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 42.453 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 25.668 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible except Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 6.639 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27E: Food, Drink and Tobacco (FT) (FT) (EUR bn) 11.984 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Trade Balance: EU 27E (EUR bn) 6.242 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E (EUR bn) 198.661 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR bn) 192.419 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EA 20: MP: OP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 72.832 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EA 20: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 18.430 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EA 20: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 50.269 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EA 20: MP: OP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 83.470 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 80.203 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 46.325 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 35.365 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 4.127 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 14.629 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Machinery and Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 60.256 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Other Manufactured Products (EUR bn) 44.118 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (EUR bn) 20.402 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 6.423 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Imports: swda: EA 19: Food, Drink and Tobacco (EUR bn) 11.856 Feb 2019 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2019
Exports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 82.838 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 45.464 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 44.428 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible ex Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 4.740 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 16.986 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (MT) (EUR bn) 59.740 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 40.823 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: MP: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (CR) (EUR bn) 24.878 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible ex Fuels (CI) (EUR bn) 6.361 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 11.495 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Trade Balance: swda: EU 27E (EUR bn) 24.487 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E (EUR bn) 211.845 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (EUR bn) 187.358 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20 (EUR bn) 238.980 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EA 20: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 14.795 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EA 20: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 6.714 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EA 20: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 48.061 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: Food, Drink & Tobacco (FT) (EUR bn) 19.153 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: RM: Crude Materials, Inedible Except Fuels (EUR bn) 4.937 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: MP: Other Manufactured Products (OP) (EUR bn) 53.022 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EA 20: MP: OP: Machinery & Transport Equipment (EUR bn) 93.533 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EA 20: swda: Switzerland (EUR bn) 15.000 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EA 20: swda: Russia (EUR bn) 2.275 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EA 20: swda: China (except Hong Kong) (EUR bn) 27.432 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EA 20: swda: Turkey (EUR bn) 7.461 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EA 20: swda: Russia (EUR bn) 2.515 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: China: Total (EUR bn) 18.235 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: China: Total (EUR bn) 34.566 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: China: Total (EUR bn) 16.891 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): China: Total (EUR bn) 36.621 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Russia: Total (EUR bn) 2.970 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Russia: Total (EUR bn) 3.344 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Russia: Total (EUR bn) 2.594 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): Russia: Total (EUR bn) 3.449 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 16.134 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 10.918 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 13.378 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): Switzerland: Total (EUR bn) 10.887 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: swda: EU 27E: Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 8.950 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 7.947 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 8.360 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): Turkey: Total (EUR bn) 7.271 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Exports: swda: EU 27E: United States: Total (EUR bn) 42.224 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: swda: EU 27E: United States: Total (EUR bn) 27.920 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports: EU 27E: United States: Total (EUR bn) 40.197 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Imports: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E): United States: Total (EUR bn) 27.900 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Exports Volume Index: EU27E (2015=100) 110.400 Nov 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Nov 2023
Imports Volume Index: EU27E (2015=100) 101.600 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Exports Unit Value Index: EU27E (2015=100) 133.500 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Imports Unit Value Index: EU27E (2015=100) 135.100 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Exports Volume Index: swda: EU27E (2015=100) 104.300 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Imports Volume Index: swda: EU27E (2015=100) 111.000 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 121.300 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: EU 27E: Machinery and Transport Equipment (2015=100) 94.600 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: EU 27E: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (2015=100) 115.100 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: EU 27E: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants (2015=100) 123.900 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: EU 27E: Food and Live Animals (2015=100) 112.500 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 107.800 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: EU 27E: Machinery and Transport Equipment (2015=100) 108.000 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: EU 27E: Petroleum Products (2015=100) 180.200 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: EU 27E: Crude Materials, Inedible (2015=100) 108.200 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: EU 27E: Manufactured Products (2015=100) 101.300 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 133.100 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Machinery and Transport Equipment (2015=100) 97.100 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Chemicals & Related Products, nes (2015=100) 132.900 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants (2015=100) 125.500 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Petroleum Products (2015=100) 186.000 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Mineral Fuels, Lubricants (2015=100) 142.800 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Crude Materials, Inedible (2015=100) 121.700 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Beverages and Tobacco (2015=100) 104.100 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
EVI: swda: EU 27E: Crude Materials, Inedible (2015=100) 135.900 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
IVI: swda: EU 27E: Raw Materials (2015=100) 120.100 Dec 2023 monthly Jan 2002 - Dec 2023
Balance of Payments Last Frequency Range
Direct Investment Abroad (USD mn) 34,977.4 Feb 2024 monthly Apr 1999 - Feb 2024
Current Account Balance (USD mn) 104,959.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
Current Account Balance: % of GDP (%) 2.2 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
Foreign Direct Investment (USD mn) 2,335.3 Feb 2024 monthly Apr 1999 - Feb 2024
Foreign Direct Investment: % of GDP (%) 0.9 Mar 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Mar 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment (USD mn) 101,002.366 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: % of GDP (%) 2.5 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Equity Securities (USD mn) 103,842.7 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
Foreign Portfolio Investment: Debt Securities (USD mn) -2,840.372 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
External Debt (USD mn) 17,422,123.8 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2023
External Debt: % of GDP (%) 109.6 2023 yearly 2008 - 2023
Total Debt: % of GDP (%) 729.3 2022 yearly 2001 - 2022
Net International Investment Position (USD mn) 647,482.275 Dec 2023 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2023
BOP: EU27E: Current and Capital Account (EUR bn) 95.277 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 4.385 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Capital Account (EUR bn) -9.274 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 28.383 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 91.994 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Financial Account: Direct Investment (DI) (EUR bn) 167.086 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: FA: Portfolio Investment (PI) (EUR bn) 123.204 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account (EUR bn) 1,050.863 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 569.427 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 190.739 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 24.371 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Capital Account (EUR bn) 8.108 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 266.326 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Financial Account: Direct Investment (EUR bn) -62.153 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: FA: Portfolio Investment (EUR bn) 158.279 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account (EUR bn) 946.312 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current and Capital Account (EUR bn) 963.694 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 477.433 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 162.355 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 44.582 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Capital Account (EUR bn) 17.383 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 261.941 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: Financial Account: Direct Investment (EUR bn) -229.238 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: FA: Portfolio Investment (EUR bn) 35.075 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: FA: PI: Equity & Investment Fund (EUR bn) 95.930 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Debit: FA: PI: Debt Securities (EUR bn) -60.849 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 2008 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account (EUR bn) 90.896 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 83.445 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 10.779 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) -15.452 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 12.124 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account (EUR bn) 1,029.929 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 556.488 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 187.329 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 24.902 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Credit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 261.210 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account (EUR bn) 939.032 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Goods (EUR bn) 473.043 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Primary Income (EUR bn) 176.550 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Secondary Income (EUR bn) 40.353 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: swda: Debit: Current Account: Services (EUR bn) 249.086 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EU27E: Credit: Current and Capital Account (EUR bn) 1,058.971 Dec 2019 quarterly Mar 1999 - Dec 2019
BOP: EA 20: CA: Credit (EUR bn) 458.165 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
BoP: EA 20: CA: Services: Debit (EUR bn) 99.785 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
BOP: EA 20: CA: Primary Income (PA) (EUR bn) 2.699 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
BOP: EA 20: CA: Secondary Income: Debit (EUR bn) 27.637 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
BOP: EA 20: Net Errors & Omissions (EUR bn) -24.271 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
BOP: EA 20: swda: CA: Credit (EUR bn) 485.118 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
BoP: EA 20: swda: CA: Services: Debit (EUR bn) 109.040 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 2013 - Feb 2024
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: America: United States (EUR mn) 20,778.300 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: United Kingdom (EUR mn) 62,771.100 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Netherlands (EUR mn) 42,120.600 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Luxembourg (EUR mn) 29,700.400 2022 yearly 2015 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Belgium (EUR mn) 6,020.800 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: EU 27E (EUR mn) 121,931.500 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: America: United States (EUR mn) -188,875.300 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Luxembourg (EUR mn) -16,424.600 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Germany (EUR mn) 24,190.800 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: France (EUR mn) -21,792.300 2021 yearly 2013 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Belgium (EUR mn) -1,263.300 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: EU 27E (EUR mn) 58,984.400 2022 yearly 2013 - 2022
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Financial and Insurance Activities (EUR mn) 85,525.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Information and Communication (EUR mn) -47,466.700 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Wholesale and Retail Trade (EUR mn) 25,775.400 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Manufacturing (EUR mn) -25,406.000 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Outward: EU 27E: Mining and Quarrying (EUR mn) -2,447.300 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Administrative and Support Service Activ (EUR mn) -8,593.100 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Professional, Scientific and Tech Activ (EUR mn) 14,509.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Financial and Insurance Activities (EUR mn) -100,574.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Information and Communication (EUR mn) -38,066.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
FDI: Flow: Inward: EU 27E: Wholesale and Retail Trade (EUR mn) 614.900 2021 yearly 2016 - 2021
Monetary Last Frequency Range
Non Performing Loans Ratio (%) 3.7 2017 yearly 2008 - 2017
Household Debt: % of GDP (%) 46.3 Dec 2023 quarterly Sep 1997 - Dec 2023
Money Supply M1 (USD mn) 11,075,609.036 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M2 (USD mn) 16,324,970.942 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024
M2 Growth (%) -0.7 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1981 - Feb 2024
Reserve Requirement Ratio (%) 1.0 Mar 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Mar 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves (USD mn) 297,397.8 Feb 2024 monthly Dec 1999 - Feb 2024
Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP (%) 1.903 Dec 2023 quarterly Dec 1999 - Dec 2023
Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import (NA) 1.3 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 2002 - Jan 2024
Total Deposits (USD mn) 16,270,881.578 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024
Total Deposits Growth (%) 0.7 Feb 2024 monthly Sep 1998 - Feb 2024
Domestic Credit (USD mn) 25,578,872.0 Jan 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Jan 2024
Domestic Credit Growth (%) -0.9 Jan 2024 monthly Sep 1998 - Jan 2024
Household Debt (USD mn) 7,156,841.8 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024
Total Loans (USD mn) 19,639,917.124 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1999 - Feb 2024
Total Loans Growth (%) 0.63 Feb 2024 monthly Sep 1998 - Feb 2024
Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP (%) 81.87 Dec 2023 quarterly Sep 1997 - Dec 2023
Money Supply M3: Outstanding (EUR bn) 16,056.632 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1970 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M2: swda: Outstanding (EUR bn) 15,105.923 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M2: Outstanding (EUR bn) 15,042.820 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M1: swda: Outstanding (EUR bn) 10,248.551 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M1: Outstanding (EUR bn) 10,185.683 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1970 - Feb 2024
Money Supply M3: swda: Outstanding (EUR bn) 16,118.106 Feb 2024 monthly Jan 1980 - Feb 2024
Eurosystem: Official Reserve Assets (ORA) (EUR bn) 1,156.111 Feb 2024 monthly Nov 1999 - Feb 2024
Eurosystem: ORA: Foreign Currency Reserves (FCR) (EUR bn) 275.045 Feb 2024 monthly Nov 1999 - Feb 2024
MFIs Loans: Outstanding: Households: HP: Over 5 Years (EUR bn) 4,296.809 Jan 2019 monthly Sep 1997 - Jan 2019
MFIs Loans: Outstanding: Households: Consumer Credit (CS) (EUR bn) 686.042 Jan 2019 monthly Sep 1997 - Jan 2019
Business and Economic Survey Last Frequency Range
Business Confidence Growth (% Point) -6.4 Mar 2024 monthly Jan 1986 - Mar 2024
BE: Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI): sa: NACE 2 (% Point) -12.300 Mar 2024 monthly Jan 1985 - Mar 2024
Construction Confidence Indicator (CCI): sa: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (% Point) -15.900 Apr 2020 monthly Jan 1985 - Apr 2020
Economic Sentiment Index: sa: EU 27 excl UK (NA) 65.800 Apr 2020 monthly Jan 1985 - Apr 2020
Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI): sa: EA 19 (% Point) 5.80 Jul 2018 monthly Jan 1985 - Jul 2018
Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI): sa: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (% Point) -30.600 Apr 2020 monthly Jan 1985 - Apr 2020
Service Confidence Indicator (SCI): sa: Euro Area 19 (% Point) 15.30 Jul 2018 monthly Jan 1996 - Jul 2018
Service Confidence Indicator (SCI): sa: EU 27 excl UK (EU 27E) (% Point) -35.400 Apr 2020 monthly Oct 1996 - Apr 2020

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